Falkowski Andrzej, Jabłońska Magdalena
Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 27;9:213. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00213. eCollection 2018.
In this study we followed the extension of Tversky's research about features of similarity with its application to open sets. Unlike the original closed-set model in which a feature was shifted between a common and a distinctive set, we investigated how addition of new features and deletion of existing features affected similarity judgments. The model was tested empirically in a political context and we analyzed how positive and negative changes in a candidate's profile affect the similarity of the politician to his or her ideal and opposite counterpart. The results showed a positive-negative asymmetry in comparison judgments where enhancing negative features (distinctive for an ideal political candidate) had a greater effect on judgments than operations on positive (common) features. However, the effect was not observed for comparisons to a bad politician. Further analyses showed that in the case of a negative reference point, the relationship between similarity judgments and voting intention was mediated by the affective evaluation of the candidate.
在本研究中，我们追踪了特沃斯基关于相似性特征的研究扩展及其在开放集上的应用。与原始的封闭集模型不同，在封闭集模型中一个特征在共同集和独特集之间转移，我们研究了新特征的添加和现有特征的删除如何影响相似性判断。该模型在政治背景下进行了实证测试，我们分析了候选人形象的积极和消极变化如何影响政治家与其理想和对立形象的相似性。结果显示，在比较判断中存在正负不对称性，即增强负面特征（对理想政治候选人来说是独特的）对判断的影响大于对正面（共同）特征的操作。然而，在与糟糕政治家的比较中未观察到这种影响。进一步分析表明，在负面参照点的情况下，相似性判断与投票意图之间的关系由候选人的情感评价介导。
