UCD Institute for Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Av, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 Jun;410(15):3445-3462. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-0913-1. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
Our daily food intake provides the nutrients to maintain health. However, in addition to the nutritional values, food can promote health and be beneficial in preventing diseases. Human milk is a unique food source that contains essential nutrients in the right balance and other bioactive factors that make it the ideal food for all healthy term infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an important role in health, at several levels: acting as prebiotics promoting the growth of beneficial bacterial strains, preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, and modulating the immune response against bacterial infections. However, despite their biological relevance and the advances made in the analytical field, very few studies have been carried out to better understand HMOs bioactivity mechanisms or to examine human metabolic response to dietary supplementation. This review describes the state-of-the-art of glycomics strategies, recent analytical methods, and future trends for the identification and discovery of bioactive sugars, the known mechanisms of action, and discusses findings of some recent human intervention trials.
我们日常的食物摄入提供了维持健康所需的营养。然而，除了营养价值，食物还可以促进健康，有助于预防疾病。人乳是一种独特的食物来源，其中含有适量的必需营养物质和其他生物活性因子，使其成为所有健康足月婴儿的理想食物。人乳低聚糖 (HMOs) 在多个层面上发挥着重要的健康作用：作为促进有益细菌生长的益生元，防止肠道中致病菌的生长，并调节针对细菌感染的免疫反应。然而，尽管它们具有生物学相关性，并且在分析领域取得了进展，但很少有研究致力于更好地了解 HMOs 的生物活性机制，或研究人体对饮食补充的代谢反应。本综述描述了糖组学策略、最新分析方法和未来的发展趋势，用于鉴定和发现具有生物活性的糖、已知的作用机制，并讨论了一些最近的人体干预试验的发现。
