Walsh Clodagh, Lane Jonathan A, van Sinderen Douwe, Hickey Rita M
Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland.
J Funct Foods. 2020 Sep;72:104074. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104074. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which are found in breast milk at significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These sugars are the fourth most abundant component of human milk after water, lipids, and lactose and yet provide no direct nutritional value to the infant. Recent research has highlighted that HMOs have various functional roles to play in infant development. These sugars act as prebiotics by promoting growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria thereby generating short-chain fatty acids which are critical for gut health. HMOs also directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses and can selectively reduce binding of pathogenic bacteria and viruses to the gut epithelium preventing the emergence of a disease. This review covers current knowledge related to the functional biology of HMOs and their associated impact on infant gut health.
人乳寡糖（HMO）是一类复杂的糖类，在母乳中含量丰富且结构独特多样。这些糖类是母乳中除水、脂质和乳糖外第四丰富的成分，但对婴儿没有直接的营养价值。最近的研究强调，HMO在婴儿发育中发挥着多种功能作用。这些糖类通过促进有益肠道细菌的生长充当益生元，从而产生对肠道健康至关重要的短链脂肪酸。HMO还直接调节宿主上皮免疫反应，并可选择性减少病原菌和病毒与肠道上皮的结合，预防疾病的发生。本综述涵盖了与HMO功能生物学及其对婴儿肠道健康相关影响的当前知识。
