State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hanoi Pedagogical University No. 2, 32 Nguyen Van Linh, Xuanhoa, Phucyen, Vinhphuc, Viet Nam.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2018 Jul;124:199-212. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.010. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
Coadaptation between mistletoes and birds captured the attention of Charles Darwin over 150 years ago, stimulating considerable scientific research. Here we used Loranthaceae, a speciose and ecologically important mistletoe family, to obtain new insights into the interrelationships among its hosts and dispersers. Phylogenetic analyses of Loranthaceae were based on a dataset of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. Divergence time estimation, ancestral area reconstruction, and diversification rate analyses were employed to examine historical biogeography. The crown group of Loranthaceae was estimated to originate in Australasian Gondwana during the Paleocene to early Eocene (59 Ma, 95% HPD: 53-66 Ma), and rapidly diversified, converting from root parasitic to aerial parasitic trophic mode ca. 50 Ma during the Eocene climatic optimum. Subsequently, Loranthaceae were inferred to be widespread in Australasia and South America but absent in Africa. The African and European members were derived from Asiatic lineages. The burst of diversification of Loranthaceae occurred during a climatic optimum period that coincides with the dominance of tropical forests in the world. This also corresponds to the trophic mode conversion of Loranthaceae and rapid radiation of many bird families - important agents for long-distance dispersal in the Cenozoic.
一百五十多年前，槲寄生与鸟类之间的共适应引起了查尔斯·达尔文的注意，激发了大量的科学研究。在这里，我们利用桑寄生科（Loranthaceae），一个种类丰富且在生态上重要的槲寄生科，来深入了解其寄主和传播者之间的相互关系。桑寄生科的系统发育分析基于核和叶绿体 DNA 序列的数据集。我们采用分歧时间估计、祖先区域重建和多样化率分析来研究历史生物地理学。桑寄生科的冠群被估计起源于古近纪至始新世的澳大利亚冈瓦纳（59 Ma，95% HPD：53-66 Ma），并在始新世气候最佳期（约 50 Ma）迅速多样化，从根寄生转化为气生寄生营养模式。随后，桑寄生科被推断在澳大利亚和南美洲广泛分布，但在非洲不存在。非洲和欧洲成员是从亚洲谱系中衍生出来的。桑寄生科的多样化爆发发生在一个气候最佳期，与世界热带森林的主导地位相吻合。这也与桑寄生科的营养模式转换和许多鸟类家族的快速辐射相吻合，这些家族是新生代长距离传播的重要媒介。
