Birss S A, Longwell A, Heckbert S, Keller N
Ann Ophthalmol. 1978 Aug;10(8):1045-54.
The ocular hypotensive efficacy of continuously delivered epinephrine is compared to that of pulsed doses provided by eyedrops in both normotensive and hypertensive rabbit eyes. In normotensive eyes, 2 microgram/hr and 4 microgram/hr epinephrine delivered into the tear film continuously for 12 hours reduces intraocular pressure as well as eyedrop pulses of 0.5% epinephrine hydrochloride or 2% epinephrine bitartrate (doses of 500 and 1100 microgram, respectively). Ocular hypertension induced by an intragastric water load in rabbits is significantly inhibited by continuous delivery of epinephrine at the rates of 3 or 6 microgram/hr, or by 2% epinephrine bitartrate (1% free base) eyedrops. Epinephrine delivered continuously at rates of 2-6 microgram/hr for 6 to 12 hours (12-72 microgram total) has hypotensive efficacy equivalent to 15 to 40 times as much epinephrine applied once in eyedrops. Epinephrine bitartrate eyedrops reduce tear film pH well below normal. Continuous delivery of epinephrine bitartrate does not reduce tear film pH below normal levels.
在正常血压和高血压兔眼中，比较持续递送肾上腺素与滴眼液脉冲给药的降眼压效果。在正常血压眼中，每小时2微克和4微克肾上腺素持续12小时递送至泪膜可降低眼压，与0.5%盐酸肾上腺素或2%重酒石酸肾上腺素滴眼液脉冲给药（分别为500和1100微克剂量）的效果相当。通过每小时3或6微克的速率持续递送肾上腺素，或使用2%重酒石酸肾上腺素（1%游离碱）滴眼液，可显著抑制兔胃内水负荷诱导的高眼压。以每小时2 - 6微克的速率持续递送肾上腺素6至12小时（总量12 - 72微克），其降压效果相当于滴眼液单次应用15至40倍量的肾上腺素。重酒石酸肾上腺素滴眼液可使泪膜pH值降至远低于正常水平。持续递送重酒石酸肾上腺素不会使泪膜pH值降至正常水平以下。
