Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
Schizophr Bull. 2018 Oct 15;44(suppl_2):S536-S546. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sby035.
Meehl conceptualized schizotypy as the phenotypic manifestations of a neural integrative defect resulting from a schizophrenia diathesis. The majority of schizotypy studies recruited subjects from the general population and revealed a multidimensional construct. This 2-phase investigation first examined the clustering of schizotypy in 194 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients using the Chapman Psychosis Proneness scales and then directly compared the cognitive profiles of negative schizotypal individuals and positive schizotypal individuals with schizophrenia patients and controls. In the first phase, cluster analysis categorized 194 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients into positive schizotypy (n = 33), negative schizotypy (n = 66), mixed schizotypy (n = 27), and low schizotypy (n = 64). Positive schizotypal participants showed more self-report pleasure experiences than negative schizotypal participants, replicating earlier cluster analytic findings. In the second phase, 27 negative schizotypal individuals, 18 positive schizotypal individuals, 19 schizophrenia patients, and 29 controls were recruited. Although the groups were matched in terms of age, gender, and IQ, they differed significantly in cognitive profiles. While schizophrenia patients exhibited the broadest cognitive impairments, negative schizotypal participants exhibited visual memory, working memory, and verbal fluency impairments, and positive schizotypal participants exhibited logical memory, visual memory, working memory, and theory-of-mind impairments. Among people with familial risk of schizophrenia, individuals exhibiting positive rather than negative schizotypal features resembled schizophrenia patients in cognitive profiles. Using the psychometric-familial method to identify schizotypy, our findings support the heterogeneity of schizotypy as well as the potential utility of the positive schizotypy dimension in genetically high-risk individuals to predict the risk of developing schizophrenia.
米希尔将精神分裂症素质概念化为一种神经综合缺陷的表型表现，这种缺陷是由精神分裂症素质引起的。大多数精神分裂症素质研究从普通人群中招募受试者，并揭示了一个多维结构。这项两阶段研究首先使用查普曼精神病易感性量表检查了 194 名未受影响的精神分裂症患者亲属中的精神分裂症素质聚类，然后直接比较了阴性精神分裂症素质个体、阳性精神分裂症素质个体与精神分裂症患者和对照组的认知特征。在第一阶段，聚类分析将 194 名未受影响的精神分裂症患者亲属分为阳性精神分裂症素质（n=33）、阴性精神分裂症素质（n=66）、混合精神分裂症素质（n=27）和低精神分裂症素质（n=64）。阳性精神分裂症素质个体的自我报告愉悦体验比阴性精神分裂症素质个体更多，这复制了早期的聚类分析结果。在第二阶段，招募了 27 名阴性精神分裂症素质个体、18 名阳性精神分裂症素质个体、19 名精神分裂症患者和 29 名对照组。尽管这些组在年龄、性别和智商方面相匹配，但在认知特征方面存在显著差异。虽然精神分裂症患者表现出最广泛的认知障碍，但阴性精神分裂症素质个体表现出视觉记忆、工作记忆和言语流畅性障碍，而阳性精神分裂症素质个体表现出逻辑记忆、视觉记忆、工作记忆和心理理论障碍。在有家族精神分裂症风险的人群中，表现出阳性而非阴性精神分裂症特征的个体在认知特征上与精神分裂症患者相似。使用精神测量学-家族方法来识别精神分裂症素质，我们的研究结果支持精神分裂症素质的异质性，以及阳性精神分裂症素质维度在遗传高风险个体中预测发展为精神分裂症的风险的潜在效用。
