College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jul 15;630:1003-1015. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.187. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Provisioning services have always been the main focus of agriculture, and which have led to a decline in biodiversity and have damaged a number of other services. Agriculture should contribute to current and future food security while producing multiple ecosystem services (ES). Restoration outcomes of multiple ES were affected by different socioeconomic drivers, thus a better understanding of how multiple ES respond to socioeconomic drivers can help to restore multiple ES. This paper used rural people's perceptions of ES to quantify and map ecosystem service obtainment and demand in the Mengyin County, China. An integrative index of multiple ecosystem services (IMES) was used to effectively aggregate the values of multiple ES. The threat categorization framework is designed to communicate the degree to which the adequate and sustainable provision of multiple ES is threatened, in order to prioritize conservation actions. The results revealed that 6 townships in the Mengyin County exhibited an excessive obtainment situation (demand is less than obtainment) of multiple ES; an insufficient obtainment situation (demand is greater than obtainment) of multiple ES was mainly situated in the northern part of Mengyin County. Overall, the current state of multiple ES across Mengyin County is classified as "Endangered" classification according to application of threat categorization framework. It is necessary to restructure and manage socioeconomic factors for multiple ES. At national level, the macro decision-making (controlling population density) and the mechanisms (attracting high-quality human resources into the rural) will play an important role in promoting multiple ES management, and it is necessary to provide 3 or more years of tailored educational resources for rural residents to advance multiple ES in agricultural landscape. Development of agricultural PES programs in China that enable farmers to profit from production ES is a sustainable strategy for increasing multiple ecosystem services.
农业一直以来都以提供服务为重点，这导致了生物多样性的减少，并破坏了许多其他服务。农业应该在提供当前和未来粮食安全的同时，产生多种生态系统服务（ES）。多种 ES 的恢复结果受到不同社会经济驱动因素的影响，因此，更好地了解多种 ES 对社会经济驱动因素的响应方式可以帮助恢复多种 ES。本文利用农村居民对 ES 的认知，对中国蒙阴县的生态服务获取和需求进行了量化和制图。采用综合多项生态服务指数（IMES）来有效聚合多项 ES 的价值。威胁分类框架旨在传达多种 ES 充分和可持续供应受到威胁的程度，以便确定保护行动的优先顺序。研究结果表明，蒙阴县的 6 个乡镇表现出过度获取多种 ES 的情况（需求小于获取）；北部地区则主要存在多种 ES 获取不足的情况（需求大于获取）。总的来说，根据威胁分类框架的应用，蒙阴县的多种 ES 目前处于“濒危”状态。有必要对多种 ES 的社会经济因素进行重构和管理。在国家层面上，宏观决策（控制人口密度）和机制（吸引高素质人力资源进入农村）将在促进多种 ES 管理方面发挥重要作用，有必要为农村居民提供 3 年或更长时间的定制化教育资源，以促进农业景观中的多种 ES。在中国发展农业 PES 项目，使农民能够从生产 ES 中获利，是增加多种生态系统服务的可持续战略。
