Chen Yajuan, Yang Yaofeng, Fang Lan, Zhao Hongkun, Yang Zhenwei, Chen Ling, Yu Huyang
Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China.
Heliyon. 2023 May 1;9(5):e15918. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15918. eCollection 2023 May.
Worldwide most agroecosystems effort to increase production and yields and leads to damages of a series of non-provisioning ecosystem services (ESs). To fill in the knowledge gaps pertaining to the understanding of complex relationship between agricultural harvests and other ESs, therefore this study aims to estimate the existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for agricultural ESs by incorporating the spatial factors. Based on the test of the spatial autocorrelation of agricultural ESs, the estimation results of spatial model are compared with general regression to explain the spatial effect of agricultural ESs. The results show that (1) contrary to expectation, the curve of the nonlinear relationship between agricultural ESs and annual household income is an inverted U-shape, and not an upright U-shape; (2) compared to non-spatial model, the turning point of the inverted U-shaped curve for agricultural ESs under the direct effect would happen earlier and happen later under the indirect effect; (3) years of formal education, vegetation coverage of field margin and cultivated land area have significantly impact on local agricultural ESs, and local perennial crops has significantly impact on agricultural ESs of neighboring villages. Results of this study have a promising application prospect to promote sustainable development of agriculture.
在全球范围内，大多数农业生态系统致力于提高产量，这导致了一系列非供给型生态系统服务（ESs）受到损害。为了填补在理解农业收成与其他生态系统服务之间复杂关系方面的知识空白，因此本研究旨在通过纳入空间因素来估计农业生态系统服务的环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）的存在情况。基于对农业生态系统服务的空间自相关性测试，将空间模型的估计结果与一般回归进行比较，以解释农业生态系统服务的空间效应。结果表明：（1）与预期相反，农业生态系统服务与家庭年收入之间的非线性关系曲线是倒U形，而非正U形；（2）与非空间模型相比，农业生态系统服务倒U形曲线在直接效应下的转折点出现得更早，在间接效应下出现得更晚；（3）正规教育年限、田边植被覆盖度和耕地面积对当地农业生态系统服务有显著影响，当地多年生作物对邻村的农业生态系统服务有显著影响。本研究结果在促进农业可持续发展方面具有广阔的应用前景。
