Kohl Kevin D
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
mSystems. 2018 Mar 6;3(2). doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00146-17. eCollection 2018 Mar-Apr.
Interactions with microbial communities can have profound influences on animal physiology, thereby impacting animal performance and fitness. Therefore, it is important to understand the diversity and nature of host-microbe interactions in various animal groups (invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). In this perspective, I discuss how the field of host-microbe interactions can be used to address topics that have been identified as grand challenges in comparative animal physiology: (i) horizontal integration of physiological processes across organisms, (ii) vertical integration of physiological processes across organizational levels within organisms, and (iii) temporal integration of physiological processes during evolutionary change. Addressing these challenges will require the use of a variety of animal models and the development of systems approaches that can integrate large, multiomic data sets from both microbial communities and animal hosts. Integrating host-microbe interactions into the established field of comparative physiology represents an exciting frontier for both fields.
与微生物群落的相互作用会对动物生理产生深远影响，进而影响动物的生长性能和健康状况。因此，了解不同动物群体（无脊椎动物、鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物）中宿主与微生物相互作用的多样性和本质非常重要。从这个角度出发，我将讨论宿主与微生物相互作用领域如何用于解决在比较动物生理学中被确定为重大挑战的主题：（i）跨生物体生理过程的横向整合，（ii）生物体内跨组织水平生理过程的纵向整合，以及（iii）进化变化过程中生理过程的时间整合。应对这些挑战需要使用多种动物模型，并开发能够整合来自微生物群落和动物宿主的大型多组学数据集的系统方法。将宿主与微生物的相互作用整合到已有的比较生理学领域，对这两个领域来说都是一个令人兴奋的前沿领域。
