默克尔细胞癌的最新进展
Update on Merkel Cell Carcinoma.
作者信息
Tetzlaff Michael T, Nagarajan Priyadharsini
机构信息
Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 85, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 85, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
出版信息
Head Neck Pathol. 2018 Mar;12(1):31-43. doi: 10.1007/s12105-018-0898-2. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Incidence of MCC continues to rise, and risk factors include advanced age, pale skin, chronic sun exposure, and immune suppression. Diagnosing MCC utilizes a combination of morphology and immunohistochemistry. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is present in approximately 70-80% of MCCs and represents a key pathogenic driver in those MCCs. In contrast, MCPyV-negative MCCs arise through progressive accumulation of ultraviolet-light induced somatic mutations. Staging of MCC proceeds according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition, which utilizes features of the primary tumor together with regional lymph node(s) (clinically and/or pathologically detected) and/or distant metastases. Many potentially useful biomarkers have been studied to refine risk stratification in MCC. In recent years, the host immune infiltrate has been leveraged as immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as an efficacious mode of treatment for patients with advanced MCC.
默克尔细胞癌（MCC）是一种侵袭性皮肤神经内分泌癌。MCC的发病率持续上升，危险因素包括高龄、皮肤白皙、长期日晒和免疫抑制。MCC的诊断采用形态学和免疫组织化学相结合的方法。默克尔细胞多瘤病毒（MCPyV）存在于约70-80%的MCC中，是这些MCC的关键致病驱动因素。相比之下，MCPyV阴性的MCC是通过紫外线诱导的体细胞突变的逐步积累而产生的。MCC的分期按照美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）第8版进行，该版利用原发肿瘤的特征以及区域淋巴结（临床和/或病理检测）和/或远处转移情况。已经研究了许多潜在有用的生物标志物来优化MCC的风险分层。近年来，随着免疫检查点阻断已成为晚期MCC患者的一种有效治疗方式，宿主免疫浸润已得到利用。
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