Pass Robert F, Arav-Boger Ravit
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's of Alabama, 1600 7th Avenue South, Suite 108, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
F1000Res. 2018 Mar 1;7:255. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12517.1. eCollection 2018.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a major cause of central nervous system and sensory impairments that affect cognition, motor function, hearing, language development, vestibular function, and vision. Although the importance of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is readily evident, the vast majority of maternal and fetal infections are not identified, even in developed countries. Multiple studies of prenatal cytomegalovirus infections have produced a body of knowledge that can inform the clinical approach to suspected or proven maternal and fetal infection. Reliable diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and accurate diagnosis of fetal infection are a reality. Approaches to preventing the transmission of cytomegalovirus from mother to fetus and to the treatment of fetal infection are being studied. There is evidence that public health approaches based on hygiene can dramatically reduce the rate of primary maternal cytomegalovirus infections during pregnancy. This review will consider the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, the diagnosis and management of primary infection during pregnancy, and approaches to preventing maternal infection.
先天性巨细胞病毒感染是导致中枢神经系统和感觉功能障碍的主要原因，这些障碍会影响认知、运动功能、听力、语言发育、前庭功能和视力。尽管先天性巨细胞病毒感染的重要性显而易见，但即使在发达国家，绝大多数母婴感染也未被识别。多项关于产前巨细胞病毒感染的研究已经积累了一系列知识，可为疑似或确诊的母婴感染的临床处理提供参考。孕期巨细胞病毒感染的可靠诊断以及胎儿感染的准确诊断已成为现实。预防巨细胞病毒从母亲传播给胎儿以及治疗胎儿感染的方法正在研究中。有证据表明，基于卫生的公共卫生方法可显著降低孕期原发性母亲巨细胞病毒感染的发生率。本综述将探讨先天性巨细胞病毒感染的流行病学、孕期原发性感染的诊断和管理以及预防母亲感染的方法。
