Hadjiiona A, Michaelides I, Kummer P, Kappelmeyer M, Koeninger A, Reuschel E
University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Steinmetzstrasse 1-3, 93049, Regensburg, Germany.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2025 May;311(5):1297-1304. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-07962-3. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
The cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the family of human Herpesviridae and is distributed worldwide. It is the most common cause of viral congenital infections and can have serious consequences for the health of the fetus in the event of a vertical transmission. This study, taking place for the first time in Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, aims to evaluate the frequency of CMV testing among pregnant women in our region in Germany, which for some individuals can be an expensive individual health service.
Retrospectively, 1000 pregnant patients aged 17-45 years who were treated in the University Clinic St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany, were included in the study. It was investigated whether a CMV test was carried out during pregnancy and which results were obtained.
597 patients (59.7%) had not received a CMV test during pregnancy. Among the 403 (40.3%) patients who had undergone CMV testing, seropositivity was detected in 143 (35.5%). 257 patients (63.8%) were seronegative, while 3 (0.74%) had a primary infection.
Although CMV is the most common pathogen of viral congenital infections and can severely impair the health of affected newborns, CMV diagnostics during pregnancy is still not an integral part of the maternity guidelines in Germany, but rather an individual healthcare service, meaning that the patients undergoing the test must bear the full cost. An antiviral treatment with valacyclovir has shown good preventive and therapeutic success, but unfortunately, there is currently no vaccination available to prevent vertical transmission, which is why early diagnosis and hygiene measures are the most important means of preventing seroconversion of the mother and possible infection of the fetus.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）属于人类疱疹病毒科，在全球范围内均有分布。它是先天性病毒感染最常见的病因，若发生垂直传播，可能会对胎儿健康造成严重后果。本研究首次在巴伐利亚上普法尔茨地区开展，旨在评估德国我们所在地区孕妇中进行CMV检测的频率，对一些人来说，这可能是一项昂贵的个人健康服务。
回顾性纳入了在德国雷根斯堡圣海德维希大学诊所接受治疗的1000名年龄在17至45岁之间的孕妇。调查她们在孕期是否进行了CMV检测以及检测结果如何。
597名患者（59.7%）在孕期未接受CMV检测。在进行CMV检测的403名患者（40.3%）中，143名（35.5%）检测出血清阳性。257名患者（63.8%）血清阴性，3名（0.74%）有原发性感染。
尽管CMV是先天性病毒感染最常见的病原体，可严重损害受影响新生儿的健康，但孕期CMV诊断在德国仍未成为产科指南的组成部分，而是一项个人医疗服务，这意味着接受检测的患者必须承担全部费用。伐昔洛韦抗病毒治疗已显示出良好的预防和治疗效果，但遗憾的是，目前尚无预防垂直传播的疫苗，因此早期诊断和卫生措施是预防母亲血清转化及胎儿可能感染的最重要手段。
