Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A.
Essays Biochem. 2018 Apr 13;62(1):95-107. doi: 10.1042/EBC20170011.
Plastids are critical organelles in plant cells that perform diverse functions and are central to many metabolic pathways. Beyond their major roles in primary metabolism, of which their role in photosynthesis is perhaps best known, plastids contribute to the biosynthesis of phytohormones and other secondary metabolites, store critical biomolecules, and sense a range of environmental stresses. Accordingly, plastid-derived signals coordinate a host of physiological and developmental processes, often by emitting signalling molecules that regulate the expression of nuclear genes. Several excellent recent reviews have provided broad perspectives on plastid signalling pathways. In this review, we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of chloroplast signalling pathways. Our discussion focuses on new discoveries illuminating how chloroplasts determine life and death decisions in cells and on studies elucidating tetrapyrrole biosynthesis signal transduction networks. We will also examine the role of a plastid RNA helicase, ISE2, in chloroplast signalling, and scrutinize intriguing results investigating the potential role of stromules in conducting signals from the chloroplast to other cellular locations.
质体是植物细胞中的关键细胞器，具有多种功能，是许多代谢途径的核心。除了在初级代谢中发挥主要作用（其中光合作用的作用最为人所知）外，质体还参与植物激素和其他次生代谢物的生物合成、储存关键生物分子，并感知多种环境胁迫。因此，质体衍生的信号协调了一系列生理和发育过程，通常通过发出调节核基因表达的信号分子来实现。最近的几篇优秀综述为我们提供了对质体信号通路的广泛视角。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍我们对叶绿体信号通路理解的最新进展。我们的讨论集中在新的发现上，这些发现阐明了叶绿体如何在细胞中决定生死决策，以及阐明四吡咯生物合成信号转导网络的研究。我们还将研究质体 RNA 解旋酶 ISE2 在叶绿体信号中的作用，并仔细研究探究质体延伸在将信号从叶绿体传递到其他细胞位置的潜在作用的有趣结果。
