Faustino-da-Silva Yuri da Silva Ventura, Agostinete Ricardo Ribeiro, Werneck André Oliveira, Maillane-Vanegas Santiago, Lynch Kyle Robinson, Exupério Isabella Neto, Ito Igor Hideki, Fernandes Romulo Araújo
Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
J Bone Metab. 2018 Feb;25(1):35-42. doi: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.1.35. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Osteoporosis is considered a public health problem with high worldwide prevalence. One approach to prevention is through the promotion of physical activity, especially exercise, during adolescence.
This study compared bone variables in different body segments in adolescents according to participation in track and field. The study included 34 adolescents (22 boys), of whom 17 were track and field athletes and 17 were control subjects. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm) and bone mineral content (BMC, g) were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (total body stratified by body segments). Peak height velocity was used to estimate somatic maturation.
Athletes had higher BMD (=0.003) and BMC (=0.011) values in the lower limbs and higher whole body BMD (=0.025) than the control group. However, when adjusted for confounding factors, the difference was not maintained. The groups had similar lean soft tissue values (=0.094). Training overload was positively correlated with BMD in the upper limbs (r=0.504; 95% confidence interval, 0.031-0.793). Although track and field athletes had higher BMD and BMC values in the lower limbs, these differences were not significant when adjusted for confounding factors.
Track and field participation in adolescence appears to influence BMD and BMC in lower limbs, and fat-free mass seems to mediate this effect. Also, higher training loads were found to be positive for bone health in upper limbs.
骨质疏松症被认为是一个全球患病率很高的公共卫生问题。一种预防方法是在青少年时期促进体育活动，特别是锻炼。
本研究根据青少年参与田径运动的情况，比较了不同身体部位的骨骼变量。该研究纳入了34名青少年（22名男孩），其中17名是田径运动员，17名是对照组。使用双能X线吸收法（按身体部位对全身进行分层）分析骨密度（BMD，g/cm）和骨矿物质含量（BMC，g）。用身高增长高峰速度来估计身体成熟度。
与对照组相比，运动员下肢的骨密度（=0.003）和骨矿物质含量（=0.011）值更高，全身骨密度（=0.025）也更高。然而，在调整混杂因素后，这种差异没有持续存在。两组的瘦软组织值相似（=0.094）。训练负荷过重与上肢骨密度呈正相关（r=0.504；95%置信区间，0.031 - 0.793）。虽然田径运动员下肢的骨密度和骨矿物质含量值较高，但在调整混杂因素后，这些差异并不显著。
青少年参与田径运动似乎会影响下肢的骨密度和骨矿物质含量，无脂肪量似乎介导了这种影响。此外，发现较高的训练负荷对上肢骨骼健康有积极作用。
