a Sección Departamental de Química Analítica , Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2018 Sep 3;48(5):391-405. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1442708. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
In the nearly two decades since genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were first commercialized, genetically engineered crops have gained ground on their conventional counterparts, reaching 185 million hectares worldwide in 2016. The technology has bestowed most of its benefits on enhancing crop productivity with two main traits currently dominating the market: insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant crops. Despite their rapid and vast adoption by farmers worldwide, GMOs have generated heated debates, especially in European countries (EU), driven mostly by consumers concerned about safety of transgenic foods and about the potential impact on the environment. The need to monitor and to verify the presence and the amount of GMOs in agricultural crops and in food products has generated interest in analytical methods for sensitive, accurate, rapid, and cheap detection of these products. DNA biosensors have been envisioned as a novel DNA-detection technology that would one day substitute current amplification-based methods, providing hand-held, quick, and ultrasensitive gene-level detection. This review summarizes the contributions made in nearly 20 years of research regarding the application of genosensing technology for the qualitative and quantitative determination of transgenic traits.
在转基因生物（GMO）首次商业化的近二十年来，基因工程作物已经超越了传统作物，2016 年全球种植面积达到 1.85 亿公顷。这项技术通过两种主要特性极大地提高了作物的生产力，目前这两种特性占据了市场的主导地位：抗虫和耐除草剂作物。尽管转基因生物在全球范围内被农民迅速广泛采用，但它们引起了激烈的争论，尤其是在欧洲国家（EU），主要是因为消费者担心转基因食品的安全性以及它们对环境的潜在影响。需要监测和验证农业作物和食品中 GMO 的存在和数量，这激发了人们对这些产品进行敏感、准确、快速和廉价检测的分析方法的兴趣。DNA 生物传感器被视为一种新型的 DNA 检测技术，有朝一日将取代目前基于扩增的方法，提供手持式、快速和超高灵敏度的基因水平检测。本文总结了近 20 年来关于基因传感技术在定性和定量测定转基因特性方面的应用的研究进展。
