Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Science. 2018 Mar 23;359(6382):1355-1360. doi: 10.1126/science.aar7112.
Cancer is characterized by an accumulation of genetic alterations. Somatic mutations can generate cancer-specific neoepitopes that are recognized by autologous T cells as foreign and constitute ideal cancer vaccine targets. Every tumor has its own unique composition of mutations, with only a small fraction shared between patients. Technological advances in genomics, data science, and cancer immunotherapy now enable the rapid mapping of the mutations within a genome, rational selection of vaccine targets, and on-demand production of a therapy customized to a patient's individual tumor. First-in-human clinical trials of personalized cancer vaccines have shown the feasibility, safety, and immunotherapeutic activity of targeting individual tumor mutation signatures. With vaccination development being promoted by emerging innovations of the digital age, vaccinating a patient with individual tumor mutations may become the first truly personalized treatment for cancer.
癌症的特征是遗传改变的积累。体细胞突变可以产生癌症特异性的新抗原，这些新抗原被自体 T 细胞识别为外来物质，成为理想的癌症疫苗靶点。每个肿瘤都有其独特的突变组成，只有一小部分在患者之间共享。基因组学、数据科学和癌症免疫治疗的技术进步现在能够快速绘制基因组内的突变图谱，合理选择疫苗靶点，并按需生产针对患者个体肿瘤的定制化治疗方法。个体化癌症疫苗的首次人体临床试验已经证明了针对个体肿瘤突变特征的靶向治疗的可行性、安全性和免疫治疗活性。随着数字时代新兴创新的推动，用个体肿瘤突变给患者接种疫苗可能成为癌症的第一种真正个性化治疗方法。
