Hisinger-Mölkänen Hanna, Piirilä Päivi, Haahtela Tari, Sovijärvi Anssi, Pallasaho Paula
1Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
2HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
World Allergy Organ J. 2018 Mar 14;11(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40413-018-0184-5. eCollection 2018.
Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis cause a lot of symptoms in everyday life. To decrease the burden more information of the preventable risk factors is needed. We assessed prevalence and risk factors for chronic nasal symptoms, exploring the effects of smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, exposure to occupational irritants, and their combinations.
In 2016, a postal survey was conducted among a random population sample of 8000 adults in Helsinki, Finland with a 50.5% response rate.
Smoking was associated with a significant increase in occurrence of chronic rhinitis (longstanding nasal congestion or runny nose), but not with self-reported or physician diagnosed allergic rhinitis. The highest prevalence estimates of nasal symptoms, 55.1% for chronic rhinitis, 49.1% for nasal congestion, and 40.7% for runny nose, were found among smokers with occupational exposure to gases, fumes or dusts.Besides active smoking, also exposure to environmental tobacco smoke combined with occupational exposure increased the risk of nasal symptoms.
Smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and occupational irritants are significant risk factors for nasal symptoms with an additive pattern. The findings suggest that these factors should be systematically inquired in patients with nasal symptoms for appropriate preventive measures. (192 words).
变应性和非变应性鼻炎在日常生活中会引发诸多症状。为减轻负担，需要更多关于可预防风险因素的信息。我们评估了慢性鼻部症状的患病率及风险因素，探究吸烟、环境烟草烟雾、接触职业性刺激物及其组合的影响。
2016年，对芬兰赫尔辛基8000名成年人的随机人群样本进行了邮寄调查，回复率为50.5%。
吸烟与慢性鼻炎（长期鼻塞或流涕）的发生率显著增加相关，但与自我报告或医生诊断的变应性鼻炎无关。在职业性接触气体、烟雾或粉尘的吸烟者中，鼻部症状的患病率估计最高，慢性鼻炎为55.1%，鼻塞为49.1%，流涕为40.7%。除主动吸烟外，接触环境烟草烟雾与职业性接触相结合也会增加鼻部症状的风险。
吸烟、环境烟草烟雾和职业性刺激物是鼻部症状的重要风险因素，呈现相加模式。研究结果表明，对于有鼻部症状的患者，应系统询问这些因素，以便采取适当的预防措施。 （192字）
