Ng T P, Tan W C
Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge.
Int J Epidemiol. 1994 Jun;23(3):553-8. doi: 10.1093/ije/23.3.553.
Few studies have evaluated the relationship between allergic rhinitis and risk factors in the environment which promote aeroallergenic exposures, but knowledge of these are of practical importance from the point of view of community prevention.
A cross-sectional population-based study of 2868 adults aged 20-74 years was carried out. Allergic rhinitis was defined as the self-reported presence, in the previous year, of usual nasal blockage and discharge apart from colds or the flu, provoked by allergens, with or without conjunctivitis.
Allergic rhinitis was reported by 4.5% of the subjects. Higher crude prevalences were observed in males, younger adults, Indians compared to Chinese and Malays, those with higher socioeconomic status, and in three of five residential areas studied. Significant environmental factors included cockroach infestation, occupational exposure, past smoking habit, outdoor air pollution, and frequent heavy exposure to cooking fumes. Keeping pets, having rugs or carpets in the home, and passive exposure to tobacco smoke showed weak and statistically insignificant associations. There was no apparent association with use of mosquito coils or incense. The significant determinants after multivariate adjustment of all risk factors were age, race, flat size, area of residence, cockroach infestation, past smoking, and occupational and cooking fumes exposure.
The study underscores the importance of environmental control of inhalational exposure to common allergens and irritants in the prevention of allergic rhinitis.
很少有研究评估变应性鼻炎与促进气传变应原暴露的环境危险因素之间的关系，但从社区预防的角度来看，了解这些因素具有实际重要性。
对2868名年龄在20 - 74岁的成年人进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究。变应性鼻炎定义为在前一年自我报告除感冒或流感外，由过敏原引起的通常的鼻塞和流涕，伴有或不伴有结膜炎。
4.5%的受试者报告有变应性鼻炎。与中国人和马来人相比，男性、年轻人、印度人、社会经济地位较高者以及所研究的五个居住区域中的三个区域的粗患病率较高。重要的环境因素包括蟑螂滋生、职业暴露、既往吸烟习惯、室外空气污染以及频繁大量接触烹饪油烟。饲养宠物、家中有地毯以及被动接触烟草烟雾显示出微弱且无统计学意义的关联。与使用蚊香或香没有明显关联。对所有危险因素进行多变量调整后的重要决定因素是年龄、种族、公寓面积、居住区域、蟑螂滋生、既往吸烟以及职业和烹饪油烟暴露。
该研究强调了在预防变应性鼻炎中对吸入常见变应原和刺激物进行环境控制的重要性。
