Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jun;25(16):15554-15567. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1743-6. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
Understanding how urban form is related to air pollution is important to urban planning and sustainability, but the urban form-air pollution relationship is currently muddled by inconsistent findings. In this study, we investigated how the compositional and configurational attributes of urban form were related to different air pollution measures (PM, API, and exceedance) in 83 Chinese cities, with explicit consideration of city size and seasonality. Ten landscape metrics were selected to quantify urban form attributes, and Spearman's correlation was used to quantify the urban form-air pollution relationship. Our results show that the urban form and air pollution relationship was dominated by city size and moderated by seasonality. Specifically, urban air pollution levels increased consistently and substantially from small to medium, large, and megacities. The urban form-air pollution relationship depended greatly on seasonality and monsoons. That is, the relationship was more pronounced in spring and summer than fall and winter, as well as in cities affected by monsoons. Urban air pollution was correlated more strongly with landscape composition metrics than landscape configuration metrics which seemed to affect only PM concentrations. Our study suggests that, to understand how air pollution levels are related to urban form, city size and seasonality must be explicitly considered (or controlled). Also, in order to mitigate urban air pollution problems, regional urban planning is needed to curb the spatial extent of built-up areas, reduce the degree of urban fragmentation, and increase urban compactness and contiguity, especially for large and megacities.
了解城市形态如何与空气污染相关对于城市规划和可持续性非常重要，但城市形态与空气污染之间的关系目前因不一致的研究结果而变得混乱。在这项研究中，我们研究了城市形态的组成和构型属性如何与 83 个中国城市的不同空气污染指标（PM、API 和超标）相关，同时明确考虑了城市规模和季节性。选择了 10 个景观指标来量化城市形态属性，并使用 Spearman 相关系数来量化城市形态与空气污染之间的关系。我们的结果表明，城市形态和空气污染之间的关系主要由城市规模和季节性调节。具体来说，城市空气污染水平从小型到中型、大型和特大城市持续显著增加。城市形态与空气污染之间的关系很大程度上取决于季节性和季风。也就是说，与秋冬相比，春季和夏季以及受季风影响的城市中，这种关系更为明显。城市空气污染与景观组成指标的相关性强于景观配置指标，后者似乎只影响 PM 浓度。我们的研究表明，为了了解空气污染水平与城市形态的关系，必须明确考虑（或控制）城市规模和季节性。此外，为了减轻城市空气污染问题，需要进行区域城市规划，以遏制建成区的空间范围，减少城市破碎化程度，增加城市紧凑性和连续性，特别是对于大型和特大城市。
