Department of Urban Design & Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
J Urban Health. 2022 Oct;99(5):941-958. doi: 10.1007/s11524-022-00652-4. Epub 2022 Jul 1.
In the current century, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, are the most important cause of mortality all over the world. Given the effect of the built environment on people's health, the present study seeks to conduct a systematic review in order to investigate the relationship between urban form and these four major NCDs as well as their main risk factors. Two independent reviewers in November 2020 after an extensive search through PubMed and Scopus identified 77 studies. Studies published in English were included if they addressed one or more attributes of urban form in relation to any major NCDs and their main risk factors. Publication date, country, geographical scale, study design, methods of built environment measurement, and findings of the relationships among variables were extracted from eligible studies. The findings suggest that the elements of urban form (density, transportation and accessibility, characteristics of building and streetscape, land use, spatial layouts and configuration) could increase or inhibit these diseases through their effect on physical activity, diet, air pollution, blood pressure, and obesity. However, there are study shortages, contradictions, and ambiguities in these relationships which are mainly due to methodological and conceptual challenges. As a result, more in-depth research is needed to achieve solid and consistent results that could be made into clear guidelines for planning and designing healthier cities.
在本世纪，非传染性疾病（NCDs），特别是心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和慢性呼吸系统疾病，是全世界最重要的死亡原因。鉴于建筑环境对人们健康的影响，本研究旨在进行系统评价，以调查城市形态与这四大主要 NCD 及其主要危险因素之间的关系。2020 年 11 月，两名独立评审员通过对 PubMed 和 Scopus 的广泛搜索，确定了 77 项研究。如果研究涉及与任何主要 NCD 及其主要危险因素相关的城市形态的一个或多个属性，则纳入以英文发表的研究。从合格研究中提取出版日期、国家、地理规模、研究设计、建筑环境测量方法以及变量之间关系的发现。研究结果表明，城市形态的要素（密度、交通和可达性、建筑和街道景观特征、土地利用、空间布局和配置）可能通过对体力活动、饮食、空气污染、血压和肥胖的影响，增加或抑制这些疾病。然而，这些关系存在研究短缺、矛盾和模糊，这主要是由于方法学和概念上的挑战。因此，需要进行更深入的研究，以获得可以制定成规划和设计更健康城市的明确指南的可靠和一致的结果。
