NASA 70 天卧床休息研究概述。
Overview of the NASA 70-day Bed Rest Study.
机构信息
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Sep;50(9):1909-1919. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001617.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 70-day Bed Rest Study. The integrated complement of investigations and the standardized bed rest environment that served as the platform for this study complement are described. Outcomes of the studies will not be presented here but will be reported in separate publications.
METHODS
A set of studies running in an integrated fashion along the entire period (pre-, in-, and post-bed rest) and using the same subjects is referred in this article as "the campaign" or "complement." NASA selected eight individual studies to participate in the 70-d bed rest campaign. These studies were integrated to increase efficiency in the utilization of resources and to share common measures among the investigations. In addition to the individual studies addressing specific aims, a battery of standardized measures was included. Standard measures target a wide range of physiologic systems and represent some of the testing routinely done on astronauts. Bed rest subjects underwent rigorous medical and psychological screening. Standardized conditions included 70 d of bed rest in a 6° head-down tilt position. Subjects' vital signs, body weight, and fluid intake and output were measured daily. A standardized diet was provided to ensure consistent nutritional intake across subjects. Exercising subjects were prescribed individualized aerobic and resistance training 6 d·wk performed in a horizontal body position. Subjects in the testosterone supplementation countermeasure group received testosterone enanthate injections at 2-wk intervals during bed rest.
CONCLUSION
Long-duration head-down tilt bed rest provided a suitable platform for examining physiologic effects of spaceflight and testing countermeasures in a ground-based model. Integrating studies into a complement is an effective way to support multiple investigations while minimizing the number of subjects to answer many research questions.
目的
本文旨在概述美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的 70 天卧床休息研究。描述了综合调查内容和作为该研究平台的标准化卧床休息环境。这里不会呈现研究结果，而将在单独的出版物中报告。
方法
一套沿着整个卧床休息期间（卧床休息前、期间和之后）以综合方式运行的研究，以及使用相同的受试者，在本文中被称为“运动”或“补充”。NASA 选择了八项单独的研究参与 70 天卧床休息运动。这些研究被整合在一起，以提高资源利用效率并在调查中共享共同的措施。除了针对特定目标的个别研究外，还包括了一套标准化的措施。标准措施针对广泛的生理系统，代表了对宇航员进行的一些常规测试。卧床休息的受试者接受了严格的医学和心理筛选。标准化条件包括 6°头低位倾斜卧床休息 70 天。每日测量受试者的生命体征、体重、液体摄入和输出。提供标准化饮食以确保所有受试者的营养摄入一致。进行运动的受试者按照个体化的有氧和阻力训练方案，每周 6 天在水平身体位置进行训练。接受睾酮补充剂对抗措施的受试者在卧床休息期间每隔 2 周接受睾酮庚酸注射。
结论
长时间头低位倾斜卧床休息为研究太空飞行的生理影响和在地面模型中测试对抗措施提供了合适的平台。将研究整合到补充中是一种有效的方法，可以支持多项调查，同时最大限度地减少回答许多研究问题所需的受试者数量。
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