Yurina Valentina
Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java 65145, Malang, Indonesia.
Med Sci (Basel). 2018 Mar 23;6(2):27. doi: 10.3390/medsci6020027.
Vaccination is one of the most successful immunology applications that has considerably improved human health. The DNA vaccine is a new vaccine being developed since the early 1990s. Although the DNA vaccine is promising, no human DNA vaccine has been approved to date. The main problem facing DNA vaccine efficacy is the lack of a DNA vaccine delivery system. Several studies explored this limitation. One of the best DNA vaccine delivery systems uses a live bacterial vector as the carrier. The live bacterial vector induces a robust immune response due to its natural characteristics that are recognized by the immune system. Moreover, the route of administration used by the live bacterial vector is through the mucosal route that beneficially induces both mucosal and systemic immune responses. The mucosal route is not invasive, making the vaccine easy to administer, increasing the patient's acceptance. Lactic acid bacterium is one of the most promising bacteria used as a live bacterial vector. However, some other attenuated pathogenic bacteria, such as spp. and spp., have been used as DNA vaccine carriers. Numerous studies showed that live bacterial vectors are a promising candidate to deliver DNA vaccines.
疫苗接种是最成功的免疫学应用之一，极大地改善了人类健康。DNA疫苗是自20世纪90年代初以来一直在研发的新型疫苗。尽管DNA疫苗前景广阔，但迄今为止尚无人类DNA疫苗获得批准。DNA疫苗效力面临的主要问题是缺乏DNA疫苗递送系统。多项研究探讨了这一局限性。最佳的DNA疫苗递送系统之一是使用活细菌载体作为载体。活细菌载体因其被免疫系统识别的天然特性而能诱导强烈的免疫反应。此外，活细菌载体采用的给药途径是黏膜途径，这有利于诱导黏膜和全身免疫反应。黏膜途径不具侵入性，使疫苗易于给药，提高了患者的接受度。乳酸菌是用作活细菌载体的最有前景的细菌之一。然而，一些其他减毒的病原菌，如 菌属和 菌属，也已被用作DNA疫苗载体。大量研究表明，活细菌载体是递送DNA疫苗的有前景的候选者。
