MEF University, Faculty of Engineering, 34396, Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey.
İzmir University of Economics, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya Caddesi No: 156, 35330, Balcova, İzmir, Turkey.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jun 1;215:305-315. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.054.
We consider fossil-fired power plants that operate in an environment where a cap and trade system is in operation. These plants need to choose between carbon capture and storage (CCS), carbon capture and utilization (CCU), or carbon trading in order to obey emissions limits enforced by the government. We develop a mixed-integer programming model that decides on the capacities of carbon capture units, if it is optimal to install them, the transportation network that needs to be built for transporting the carbon captured, and the locations of storage sites, if they are decided to be built. Main restrictions on the system are the minimum and maximum capacities of the different parts of the pipeline network, the amount of carbon that can be sold to companies for utilization, and the capacities on the storage sites. Under these restrictions, the model aims to minimize the net present value of the sum of the costs associated with installation and operation of the carbon capture unit and the transportation of carbon, the storage cost in case of CCS, the cost (or revenue) that results from the emissions trading system, and finally the negative revenue of selling the carbon to other entities for utilization. We implement the model on General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) by using data associated with two coal-fired power plants located in different regions of Turkey. We choose enhanced oil recovery (EOR) as the process in which carbon would be utilized. The results show that CCU is preferable to CCS as long as there is sufficient demand in the EOR market. The distance between the location of emission and location of utilization/storage, and the capacity limits on the pipes are an important factor in deciding between carbon capture and carbon trading. At carbon prices over $15/ton, carbon capture becomes preferable to carbon trading. These results show that as far as Turkey is concerned, CCU should be prioritized as a means of reducing nation-wide carbon emissions in an environmentally and economically rewarding manner. The model developed in this study is generic, and it can be applied to any industry at any location, as long as the required inputs are available.
我们考虑在实行总量管制与交易制度的环境下运营的火力发电厂。这些电厂需要在碳捕集与封存（CCS）、碳捕集与利用（CCU）或碳交易之间做出选择，以遵守政府强制实施的排放限制。我们开发了一个混合整数规划模型，该模型决定碳捕集装置的容量，如果安装是最优的，需要为运输捕获的碳而建立的运输网络，以及如果决定建立存储地点的位置。系统的主要限制包括管网各部分的最小和最大容量、可出售给利用公司的碳量，以及存储地点的容量。在这些限制下，该模型旨在最小化与安装和运行碳捕集装置以及碳运输相关的成本、CCS 情况下的存储成本、排放交易系统产生的成本（或收益）以及将碳出售给其他实体用于利用的负收益之和的净现值。我们使用与位于土耳其不同地区的两个火力发电厂相关的数据在通用代数建模系统（GAMS）上实现了该模型。我们选择提高石油采收率（EOR）作为碳利用的过程。结果表明，只要 EOR 市场有足够的需求，CCU 就优于 CCS。排放地点和利用/存储地点之间的距离以及管道容量限制是在碳捕集和碳交易之间做出选择的一个重要因素。在碳价超过 15 美元/吨时，碳捕集比碳交易更可取。这些结果表明，就土耳其而言，应优先考虑 CCU，以一种环境和经济上有益的方式减少全国范围内的碳排放。本研究开发的模型是通用的，只要有可用的输入，它就可以应用于任何地点的任何行业。
