Kranioti Elena F, García-Donas Julieta G, Can Ismail Ozgur, Ekizoglu Oguzhan
Edinburgh Unit for Forensic Anthropology, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom; Forensic Pathology Division Crete, Hellenic Republic Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece.
Edinburgh Unit for Forensic Anthropology, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom; Forensic Pathology Division Crete, Hellenic Republic Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Forensic Sci Int. 2018 May;286:265.e1-265.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.02.014. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
The estimation of ancestry is an essential benchmark for positive identification of heavily decomposed bodies that are recovered in a variety of death and crime scenes. This is especially true when reconstructing the biological profile of the deceased as most methods for sex, age and stature estimation are population-specific. Ancestry estimation methods vary from traditional morphological assessment of cranial features and biometric quantification to computer-aided shape analysis and classification with specialised software. The current paper aims to explore population differences between three neighbouring countries (Greece, Cyprus and Turkey) that have been in constant interaction through conflicts and population movements from the ancient past to the present day, through cranial measurements. The sample consists of 160 dry crania of Greek origin, 137 dry crania of Greek-Cypriot of origin Cyprus and 380 CT scans from Turks individuals. Twelve measurements were taken in both dry and virtual skulls. Data were submitted to principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis. Intra- and inter-observer error as well as the measurement error between virtual and physical measurements were quantified using TEM, rTEM and R. Measurement error was very low in all cases. Classification accuracy for cross-validated data ranged from 74.1 to 97.9%. The highest accuracy was obtained for the Turks sample both in males and females. The results are in accordance with genetic data on the three populations. These results create great confidence in the application of the produced functions in forensic cases requiring ancestry estimation in Cyprus, specifically to unidentified individuals from the 1974 conflict. In addition, these standards can be applied in other forensic situations where ethnicity is an issue but the geographic area of origin is limited to the area encompassing Turkey, Cyprus and Greece.
祖先血统估计是在各种死亡和犯罪现场发现的高度腐烂尸体进行正面身份识别的重要基准。在重建死者的生物学特征时尤其如此，因为大多数性别、年龄和身高估计方法都是针对特定人群的。祖先血统估计方法多种多样，从传统的颅骨特征形态学评估和生物特征量化到使用专门软件的计算机辅助形状分析和分类。本文旨在通过颅骨测量，探索三个邻国（希腊、塞浦路斯和土耳其）之间的人口差异，这些国家从古至今一直通过冲突和人口迁移保持着持续的互动。样本包括160个希腊裔干燥颅骨、137个塞浦路斯希腊裔干燥颅骨和380个土耳其人个体的CT扫描图像。对干燥颅骨和虚拟颅骨都进行了12项测量。数据提交给主成分分析和判别函数分析。使用TEM、rTEM和R对观察者内和观察者间误差以及虚拟测量和实物测量之间的测量误差进行了量化。在所有情况下测量误差都非常低。交叉验证数据的分类准确率在74.1%至97.9%之间。土耳其人样本在男性和女性中都获得了最高准确率。结果与这三个群体的基因数据一致。这些结果让人们对所生成的函数在塞浦路斯需要进行祖先血统估计的法医案件中的应用，特别是对1974年冲突中身份不明的个体，充满信心。此外，这些标准可应用于其他法医情况，即种族是一个问题但起源地理区域限于包括土耳其、塞浦路斯和希腊的地区。
