Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, and Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, and Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Feb;86:129-139. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.015. Epub 2018 Apr 1.
Retroviral Gag proteins are responsible for coordinating many aspects of virion assembly. Gag possesses two distinct nucleic acid binding domains, matrix (MA) and nucleocapsid (NC). One of the critical functions of Gag is to specifically recognize, bind, and package the retroviral genomic RNA (gRNA) into assembling virions. Gag interactions with cellular RNAs have also been shown to regulate aspects of assembly. Recent results have shed light on the role of MA and NC domain interactions with nucleic acids, and how they jointly function to ensure packaging of the retroviral gRNA. Here, we will review the literature regarding RNA interactions with NC, MA, as well as overall mechanisms employed by Gag to interact with RNA. The discussion focuses on human immunodeficiency virus type-1, but other retroviruses will also be discussed. A model is presented combining all of the available data summarizing the various factors and layers of selection Gag employs to ensure specific gRNA packaging and correct virion assembly.
逆转录病毒的 gag 蛋白负责协调病毒组装的许多方面。Gag 具有两个不同的核酸结合结构域，基质 (MA) 和核衣壳 (NC)。Gag 的一个关键功能是特异性识别、结合和包装逆转录病毒基因组 RNA (gRNA) 到组装的病毒粒子中。Gag 与细胞 RNA 的相互作用也被证明可以调节组装的各个方面。最近的研究结果揭示了 MA 和 NC 结构域与核酸的相互作用以及它们如何共同发挥作用以确保逆转录病毒 gRNA 的包装。在这里，我们将回顾有关 NC、MA 与 RNA 相互作用的文献，以及 Gag 用于与 RNA 相互作用的整体机制。讨论的重点是人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型，但也将讨论其他逆转录病毒。提出了一个模型，该模型结合了所有可用的数据，总结了 Gag 为确保特定 gRNA 包装和正确病毒组装而采用的各种因素和选择层。
