Miller J
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1987 Aug;13(3):425-34.
In a divided attention situation, preliminary response activations produced by stimuli on one channel were revealed through their effects on responses to stimuli on a secondary probe channel. Subjects performed concurrent but independent four-choice reaction-time tasks using the same four response fingers (middle and index fingers on both hands). In the main task, targets were large and small Ss and Ts, and medium-sized Ss and Ts sometimes appeared as distractors. Targets in the probe task were squares differing in location. A response to a probe square was faster if a distractor letter presented just before it had the same name as the target letter corresponding to that square (i.e., assigned to the same response key) than if the distractor letter had a different name--a result indicating that distractor letters cause partial response preparation. The timecourse of the effect demonstrated that preparation was based on preliminary information about distractor name that was available before distractor size had been determined. The results support models in which response preparation can sometimes begin before stimulus recognition has finished.
在分心注意的情况下，通过刺激对一个通道上的刺激所产生的初步反应激活，是通过它们对次要探测通道上刺激的反应的影响而揭示出来的。受试者使用相同的四个反应手指（双手的中指和食指）同时进行但相互独立的四选一反应时任务。在主要任务中，目标是大、小的S和T，中等大小的S和T有时作为干扰项出现。探测任务中的目标是位置不同的方块。如果在探测方块之前呈现的干扰字母与该方块对应的目标字母名称相同（即分配到相同的反应键），那么对探测方块的反应就比对干扰字母名称不同时更快——这一结果表明干扰字母会引起部分反应准备。该效应的时间进程表明，准备是基于在确定干扰项大小之前就可获得的关于干扰字母名称的初步信息。这些结果支持了这样的模型，即反应准备有时可以在刺激识别完成之前就开始。
