Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Center for Brain and Cognition, Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.
Cognitive Development Centre, Central European University, H-1015 Budapest, Hungary.
Science. 2018 Mar 16;359(6381):1263-1266. doi: 10.1126/science.aao3539.
Infants are able to entertain hypotheses about complex events and to modify them rationally when faced with inconsistent evidence. These capacities suggest that infants can use elementary logical representations to frame and prune hypotheses. By presenting scenes containing ambiguities about the identity of an object, here we show that 12- and 19-month-old infants look longer at outcomes that are inconsistent with a logical inference necessary to resolve such ambiguities. At the moment of a potential deduction, infants' pupils dilated, and their eyes moved toward the ambiguous object when inferences could be computed, in contrast to transparent scenes not requiring inferences to identify the object. These oculomotor markers resembled those of adults inspecting similar scenes, suggesting that intuitive and stable logical structures involved in the interpretation of dynamic scenes may be part of the fabric of the human mind.
婴儿能够对复杂事件提出假设，并在面对不一致的证据时进行理性地修改。这些能力表明，婴儿可以使用基本的逻辑表示来构建和修剪假设。通过呈现包含物体身份歧义的场景，我们发现 12 个月和 19 个月大的婴儿会对与解决这种歧义所需的逻辑推理不一致的结果注视更长时间。在可能进行推理的时刻，当可以进行推理时，婴儿的瞳孔会扩大，他们的眼睛会转向有歧义的物体，而不是透明的场景，这些场景不需要推理就能识别物体。这些眼动标记与成年人观察类似场景时的标记相似，这表明在解释动态场景时涉及的直观和稳定的逻辑结构可能是人类思维结构的一部分。
