Kariwa Hiroaki
Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University.
Uirusu. 2017;67(1):25-32. doi: 10.2222/jsv.67.25.
Hantaviruses belongs to the genus Hantavirus in the family Bunyaviridae are maintained in rodents and infects to humans by inhalation of the aerosol of infected rodent excreta. In this article, the epidemiology of hantavirus infection and the special relationship between rodent and hantavirus are described. Hantavirus infections include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). HFRS is characterized high fever, hemorrhage, and renal disorder. HFRS is distributed in East Asia, Europe, and Russia. While HCPS is characterized acute respiratory dysfunction and cardiogenic shock. The distribution of HCPS is limited in North and South Americas. In Japan's neighboring countries, such as Russia, China, and Korea, large numbers of HFRS patients are reported in association with multiple hantaviruses. In Japan, hantavirus infection has not been reported since 1985 but grey red-backed vole (Myodes rufocanus bedfordiae) inhabiting Hokkaido maintain one of the hantaviruses. Coevolution between hantavirus and host may have been occurred during a long period. The endemic areas of hantavirus infection are strongly associated with the distribution of host animal carrying pathogenic hantaviruses.
汉坦病毒属于布尼亚病毒科汉坦病毒属，在啮齿动物中传播，通过吸入受感染啮齿动物排泄物的气溶胶感染人类。本文描述了汉坦病毒感染的流行病学以及啮齿动物与汉坦病毒之间的特殊关系。汉坦病毒感染包括肾综合征出血热（HFRS）和汉坦病毒心肺综合征（HCPS）。肾综合征出血热的特征是高热、出血和肾脏功能紊乱。肾综合征出血热分布于东亚、欧洲和俄罗斯。而汉坦病毒心肺综合征的特征是急性呼吸功能障碍和心源性休克。汉坦病毒心肺综合征的分布局限于南北美洲。在日本的邻国，如俄罗斯、中国和韩国，有大量肾综合征出血热患者与多种汉坦病毒相关的报道。在日本，自1985年以来未报告过汉坦病毒感染，但栖息在北海道的灰背红腹田鼠（Myodes rufocanus bedfordiae）携带一种汉坦病毒。汉坦病毒与宿主之间可能在很长一段时间内发生了共同进化。汉坦病毒感染的流行地区与携带致病性汉坦病毒的宿主动物的分布密切相关。
