Center for Neural Science and Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018 May;19(5):269-282. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2018.22. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
Research on defensive behaviour in mammals has in recent years focused on elicited reactions; however, organisms also make active choices when responding to danger. We propose a hierarchical taxonomy of defensive behaviour on the basis of known psychological processes. Included are three categories of reactions (reflexes, fixed reactions and habits) and three categories of goal-directed actions (direct action-outcome behaviours and actions based on implicit or explicit forecasting of outcomes). We then use this taxonomy to guide a summary of findings regarding the underlying neural circuits.
近年来，关于哺乳动物防御行为的研究主要集中在诱发反应上；然而，当生物体对危险做出反应时，它们也会做出主动选择。我们基于已知的心理过程，提出了一个防御行为的分层分类法。其中包括三种反应类别（反射、固定反应和习惯）和三种目标导向动作类别（直接作用-结果行为和基于对结果的隐含或明确预测的动作）。然后，我们使用这个分类法来指导对潜在神经回路的研究结果进行总结。
