新型乙肝疫苗的研发。
The development of novel hepatitis B vaccines.
作者信息
Zuckerman A J
出版信息
Bull World Health Organ. 1987;65(3):265-75.
Development of vaccines against viral hepatitis B has proceeded along four main lines. (1) Human plasma-derived vaccines are safe, effective and are now in general use. (2) Subunit polypeptide vaccines formulated in micelles have reached the stage of clinical trials. (3) Recombinant DNA vaccines have been produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, notably in yeast. The yeast-derived recombinant vaccines have proved safe and effective in extensive clinical trials, eliciting antibodies which in quantity and specificity are equal to those elicited by plasma-derived vaccine. DNA recombinant has also been applied to the development of hybrid and vaccinia virus vaccines which are capable of immunological "priming", and other hybrid virus vaccines are under development. (4) Finally, chemical synthesis has succeeded in producing small peptides which include specific epitopes eliciting antibody responses in experimental animals. Such chemically synthesized preparations offer a prospect of ultimately producing multivalent synthetic vaccines against several viruses, bacteria and protozoa.
针对乙型病毒性肝炎的疫苗研发主要沿着四条主线进行。（1）人血浆源性疫苗安全、有效，现已普遍使用。（2）以微团形式配制的亚单位多肽疫苗已进入临床试验阶段。（3）重组DNA疫苗已在原核细胞和真核细胞中生产出来，尤其是在酵母中。经广泛临床试验证明，酵母衍生的重组疫苗安全有效，能引发抗体，其数量和特异性与血浆源性疫苗引发的抗体相当。DNA重组技术也已应用于杂交疫苗和痘苗病毒疫苗的研发，这些疫苗能够进行免疫“启动”，其他杂交病毒疫苗也在研发中。（4）最后，化学合成已成功生产出小肽，这些小肽包含能在实验动物中引发抗体反应的特定表位。此类化学合成制剂为最终生产针对多种病毒、细菌和原生动物的多价合成疫苗带来了希望。
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