Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2018 Mar 15;9:540. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00540. eCollection 2018.
A controlled and self-limiting inflammatory reaction generally results in removal of the injurious agent and repair of the damaged tissue. However, in chronic inflammation, immune responses become dysregulated and prolonged, leading to tissue destruction. The role of metabolic reprogramming in orchestrating appropriate immune responses has gained increasing attention in recent years. Proliferation and differentiation of the T cell subsets that are needed to address homeostatic imbalance is accompanied by a series of metabolic adaptations, as T cells traveling from nutrient-rich secondary lymphoid tissues to sites of inflammation experience a dramatic shift in microenvironment conditions. How T cells integrate information about the local environment, such as nutrient availability or oxygen levels, and transfer these signals to functional pathways remains to be fully understood. In this review, we discuss how distinct subsets of CD4 T cells metabolically adapt to the conditions of inflammation and whether these insights may pave the way to new treatments for human inflammatory diseases.
通常情况下，受控制且自我限制的炎症反应会清除有害因子并修复受损组织。然而，在慢性炎症中，免疫反应会失调和持续时间延长，导致组织破坏。近年来，代谢重编程在协调适当的免疫反应中的作用引起了越来越多的关注。为了应对体内平衡失衡，需要增殖和分化 T 细胞亚群，这伴随着一系列代谢适应，因为 T 细胞从富含营养的次级淋巴组织迁移到炎症部位时，其微环境条件会发生剧烈变化。T 细胞如何整合有关局部环境（如营养物质可用性或氧气水平）的信息，并将这些信号传递到功能途径，这仍有待充分了解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了不同的 CD4 T 细胞亚群如何代谢适应炎症条件，以及这些见解是否可能为人类炎症性疾病的新治疗方法铺平道路。
