Aragão-Santos José C, De Resende-Neto Antônio G, Nogueira Albernon C, Feitosa-Neta Maria de L, Brandão Leandro H, Chaves Leury M, Da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo E
Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil -
Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Mar;59(3):380-386. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08227-0. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
Physical exercise is the main strategy for improving physical fitness in elderly population. However, it is not clear which training method lead to greater adaptations on maximal dynamic strength, muscle power, muscle endurance and isometric strength in this population. Thus, our aim was to compare the effects of functional and traditional training on these variables in the elderly.
This study lasted twelve weeks, where 44 elderly women were randomly divided into three groups: functional training (FT; N.=18), traditional training (TT; N.=15), and control group (CG; N.=11). Maximal dynamic strength and muscle power tests were performed in pushing (Chest Press), pulling (Seated Row), and squatting (Leg Press 45°) actions. In addition, isometric strength with hand grip test (HG) and isometric dead lift test (ID) and muscle endurance with 30-s chair stand (CS) and 30-s arm curl (AC) tests were used.
Both experimental groups improved significantly in strength (FT: Chest Press 24.9%, Leg Press 45° 38.4%, Seated Row 21.6%; TT: Chest Press 27.6%, Leg Press 45° 40.9%, Seated Row 24.5%), power (FT: Chest Press 13.6%, Leg Press 45° 11.6%, Seated Row 13.6%; TT: Chest Press 18.2%, Leg Press 45° 9.8%, Seated Row 19.2%) isometric strength (FT: HG=14.7%, ID=13.6%; TT: HG=19.1%), and endurance (TF: CS=19.6%, AC=23.8%; TT: AC=15.5%) with P≤0.05, except TT in ID (4.4%) and SL (4.6%). There was no difference between experimental groups; however, both experimental groups were statistically superior to CG.
Both training protocols were equally effective in improving different strength manifestations in the elderly.
体育锻炼是提高老年人群身体素质的主要策略。然而，尚不清楚哪种训练方法能使该人群在最大动态力量、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和等长力量方面产生更大的适应性变化。因此，我们的目的是比较功能性训练和传统训练对老年人这些变量的影响。
本研究持续12周，44名老年女性被随机分为三组：功能性训练组（FT；n = 18）、传统训练组（TT；n = 15）和对照组（CG；n = 11）。在推（卧推）、拉（坐姿划船）和蹲（45°腿举）动作中进行最大动态力量和肌肉力量测试。此外，使用握力测试（HG）和等长硬拉测试（ID）评估等长力量，使用30秒椅子站立测试（CS）和30秒臂弯举测试（AC）评估肌肉耐力。
两个实验组在力量（FT：卧推24.9%，45°腿举38.4%，坐姿划船21.6%；TT：卧推27.6%，45°腿举40.9%，坐姿划船24.5%）、力量（FT：卧推13.6%，45°腿举11.6%，坐姿划船13.6%；TT：卧推18.2%，45°腿举9.8%，坐姿划船19.2%）、等长力量（FT：HG = 14.7%，ID = 13.6%；TT：HG = 19.1%）和耐力（TF：CS = 19.6%，AC = 23.8%；TT：AC = 15.5%）方面均有显著改善，P≤0.05，但TT组的ID（4.4%）和SL（4.6%）除外。实验组之间无差异；然而，两个实验组在统计学上均优于CG组。
两种训练方案在改善老年人不同力量表现方面同样有效。
