Mastinu Andrea, Premoli Marika, Ferrari-Toninelli Giulia, Tambaro Simone, Maccarinelli Giuseppina, Memo Maurizio, Bonini Sara Anna
Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018 Mar 30;36(2):/j/hmbci.2018.36.issue-2/hmbci-2018-0013/hmbci-2018-0013.xml. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0013.
The use of different natural and/or synthetic preparations of Cannabis sativa is associated with therapeutic strategies for many diseases. Indeed, thanks to the widespread diffusion of the cannabinoidergic system in the brain and in the peripheral districts, its stimulation, or inhibition, regulates many pathophysiological phenomena. In particular, central activation of the cannabinoidergic system modulates the limbic and mesolimbic response which leads to food craving. Moreover, cannabinoid agonists are able to reduce inflammatory response. In this review a brief history of cannabinoids and the protagonists of the endocannabinoidergic system, i.e. synthesis and degradation enzymes and main receptors, will be described. Furthermore, the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids will be outlined. An overview of the involvement of the endocannabinoidergic system in neuroinflammatory and metabolic pathologies will be made. Finally, particular attention will also be given to the new pharmacological entities acting on the two main receptors, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), with particular focus on the neuroinflammatory and metabolic mechanisms involved.
使用不同的天然和/或合成大麻制剂与多种疾病的治疗策略相关。事实上，由于大麻素能系统在大脑和外周区域广泛分布，对其进行刺激或抑制可调节许多病理生理现象。特别是，大麻素能系统的中枢激活可调节导致食物渴望的边缘系统和中脑边缘系统反应。此外，大麻素激动剂能够减轻炎症反应。在本综述中，将描述大麻素的简史以及内源性大麻素能系统的主要成分，即合成和降解酶以及主要受体。此外，还将概述大麻素的药理作用。将对内源性大麻素能系统在神经炎症和代谢性疾病中的作用进行综述。最后，还将特别关注作用于两种主要受体，即1型大麻素受体（CB1）和2型大麻素受体（CB2）的新型药理实体，尤其关注其中涉及的神经炎症和代谢机制。
