Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2018 May;36(5):584-593. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Mar 6.
During each reproductive cycle, the ovary exhibits tissue remodelling and cyclic vasculature changes associated with hormonally regulated folliculogenesis, follicle rupture, luteal formation and regression. However, the relationships among different types of follicles and corpora lutea are unclear, and the role of ovarian vasculature in folliculogenesis and luteal dynamics has not been extensively investigated. Understanding of ovarian physiology and pathophysiology relies upon elucidation of ovarian morphology and architecture. This paper summarizes the literature on traditional approaches to the imaging of ovarian structures and discusses recent advances in ovarian imaging. Traditional in-vivo ultrasound, together with histological and electron microscopic approaches provide detailed views of the ovary at organ, tissue and molecular levels. However, in-vivo imaging is limited to antral and larger follicles whereas histological imaging is mainly two-dimensional in nature. Also discussed are emerging approaches in the use of near-infrared fluorophores to image follicles in live animals to detect preantral follicles as well as visualizing ovarian structures using CLARITY in fixed whole ovaries to elucidate three-dimensional interrelationships among follicles, corpora lutea and ovarian vasculature. Advances in ovarian imaging techniques provide new understanding of ovarian physiology and allow for the development of better tools to diagnose ovarian pathophysiology.
在每个生殖周期中，卵巢表现出组织重塑和与激素调节的卵泡发生、卵泡破裂、黄体形成和退化相关的周期性血管变化。然而，不同类型的卵泡和黄体之间的关系尚不清楚，卵巢血管在卵泡发生和黄体动态中的作用也尚未得到广泛研究。对卵巢生理学和病理生理学的理解依赖于阐明卵巢形态和结构。本文总结了关于传统卵巢结构成像方法的文献，并讨论了卵巢成像的最新进展。传统的体内超声以及组织学和电子显微镜方法提供了在器官、组织和分子水平上对卵巢的详细观察。然而，体内成像仅限于窦前和更大的卵泡，而组织学成像主要是二维的。本文还讨论了使用近红外荧光团在活体动物中对卵泡进行成像以检测原始卵泡以及使用 CLARITY 在固定的整个卵巢中对卵巢结构进行可视化，以阐明卵泡、黄体和卵巢血管之间的三维相互关系的新兴方法。卵巢成像技术的进步为卵巢生理学提供了新的认识，并为诊断卵巢病理生理学开发更好的工具提供了可能。
