Dominko Kristina, Đikić Domagoj
1Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
2PhD, Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2018 Mar 1;69(1):1-24. doi: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-2966.
Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is an intracellular thiol molecule and a potent antioxidant that participates in the toxic metabolism phase II biotransformation of xenobiotics. It can bind to a variety of proteins in a process known as glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is now recognised as one of important posttranslational regulatory mechanisms in cell and tissue physiology. Direct and indirect regulatory roles in physiological processes include glutathionylation of major transcriptional factors, eicosanoids, cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO). This review looks into these regulatory mechanisms through examples of glutathione regulation in apoptosis, vascularisation, metabolic processes, mitochondrial integrity, immune system, and neural physiology. The focus is on the physiological roles of glutathione beyond biotransformational metabolism.
谷胱甘肽（γ-谷氨酰-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸）是一种细胞内硫醇分子，也是一种强大的抗氧化剂，参与外源性物质的毒性代谢II期生物转化。它可以通过一种称为谷胱甘肽化的过程与多种蛋白质结合。蛋白质谷胱甘肽化现在被认为是细胞和组织生理学中重要的翻译后调节机制之一。在生理过程中的直接和间接调节作用包括主要转录因子、类花生酸、细胞因子和一氧化氮（NO）的谷胱甘肽化。本文通过谷胱甘肽在细胞凋亡、血管生成、代谢过程、线粒体完整性、免疫系统和神经生理学中的调节实例来探讨这些调节机制。重点是谷胱甘肽在生物转化代谢之外的生理作用。
