Peruč Dolores, Gobin Ivana, Abram Maja, Broznić Dalibor, Svalina Tomislav, Štifter Sanja, Staver Mladenka Malenica, Tićac Brigita
1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
2Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2018 Mar 1;69(1):46-54. doi: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3085.
Mycobacterium avium complex-related diseases are often associated with poorly maintained hot water systems. This calls for the development of new control strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of essential oils (EOs) from the Mediterranean plants, common juniper, immortelle, sage, lavandin, laurel, and white cedar against Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium gordonae in culturing broth and freshwater as their most common habitat. To do that, we developed a new method of water microdilution to determine their minimal effective concentrations (MEC). The most active EO was the one from the common juniper with the MEC of 1.6 mg mL-1. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry the juniper EO identified monoterpenes (70.54 %) and sesquiterpenes (25.9 %) as dominant component groups. The main monoterpene hydrocarbons were α-pinene, sabinene, and β-pinene. The juniper EO significantly reduced the cell viability of M. intracellulare and M. gordonae at MEC, and of M. avium at 2xMEC. Microscopic analysis confirmed its inhibitory effect by revealing significant morphological changes in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of all three bacteria. The mode of action of the juniper EO on the cell membrane was confirmed by a marked leakage of intracellular material. Juniper EO has a great practical potential as a complementary or alternative water disinfectant in hot water systems such as baths, swimming pools, spa pools, hot tubs, or even foot baths/whirlpools.
鸟分枝杆菌复合群相关疾病通常与维护不善的热水系统有关。这就需要开发新的控制策略。本研究的目的是调查来自地中海植物刺柏、蜡菊、鼠尾草、杂薰衣草、月桂和白柳杉的精油对鸟分枝杆菌鸟亚种、胞内分枝杆菌和戈登分枝杆菌在培养液和作为其最常见栖息地的淡水中的活性。为此，我们开发了一种新的水微量稀释法来确定它们的最低有效浓度（MEC）。活性最高的精油是刺柏精油，其MEC为1.6毫克/毫升。气相色谱/质谱分析表明，刺柏精油中主要成分组为单萜类（70.54%）和倍半萜类（25.9%）。主要的单萜烃为α-蒎烯、桧烯和β-蒎烯。刺柏精油在MEC时能显著降低胞内分枝杆菌和戈登分枝杆菌的细胞活力，在2xMEC时能降低鸟分枝杆菌的细胞活力。显微镜分析通过揭示所有三种细菌的细胞膜和细胞质的显著形态变化证实了其抑制作用。刺柏精油对细胞膜的作用方式通过细胞内物质的明显泄漏得到证实。刺柏精油作为一种补充性或替代性的水消毒剂，在诸如浴室、游泳池、水疗池、热水浴缸甚至足浴/按摩浴缸等热水系统中具有很大的实际应用潜力。
