Cordero R R, Damiani A, Jorquera J, Sepúlveda E, Caballero M, Fernandez S, Feron S, Llanillo P J, Carrasco J, Laroze D, Labbe F
Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2018 Aug;111(8):1301-1313. doi: 10.1007/s10482-018-1075-z. Epub 2018 Mar 31.
The world's highest levels of surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance have been measured in the Atacama Desert. This area is characterized by its high altitude, prevalent cloudless conditions, and a relatively low total ozone column. In this paper, we provide estimates of the surface UV (monthly UV index at noon and annual doses of UV-B and UV-A) for all sky conditions in the Atacama Desert. We found that the UV index at noon during the austral summer is expected to be greater than 11 in the whole desert. The annual UV-B (UV-A) doses were found to range from about 3.5 kWh/m (130 kWh/m) in coastal areas to 5 kWh/m (160 kWh/m) on the Andean plateau. Our results confirm significant interhemispherical differences. Typical annual UV-B doses in the Atacama Desert are about 40% greater than typical annual UV-B doses in northern Africa. Mostly due to seasonal changes in the ozone, the differences between the Atacama Desert and northern Africa are expected to be about 60% in the case of peak UV-B levels (i.e. the UV-B irradiances at noon close to the summer solstice in each hemisphere). Interhemispherical differences in the UV-A are significantly lower since the effect of the ozone in this part of the spectrum is minor.
阿塔卡马沙漠已测得了世界上最高水平的地表紫外线（UV）辐照度。该地区的特点是海拔高、普遍无云，且总臭氧柱相对较低。在本文中，我们给出了阿塔卡马沙漠所有天空状况下的地表紫外线估算值（中午的月紫外线指数以及UV - B和UV - A的年剂量）。我们发现，整个沙漠地区在南半球夏季中午的紫外线指数预计大于11。年UV - B（UV - A）剂量范围从沿海地区的约3.5千瓦时/平方米（130千瓦时/平方米）到安第斯高原的5千瓦时/平方米（160千瓦时/平方米）。我们的结果证实了显著的半球间差异。阿塔卡马沙漠典型的年UV - B剂量比北非典型的年UV - B剂量大约高40%。主要由于臭氧的季节性变化，在UV - B峰值水平（即每个半球接近夏至时中午的UV - B辐照度）情况下，阿塔卡马沙漠与北非之间的差异预计约为60%。UV - A的半球间差异显著更低，因为在该光谱部分臭氧的影响较小。
