Seckmeyer Gunther, Pissulla Darius, Glandorf Merle, Henriques Diamantino, Johnsen Bjorn, Webb Ann, Siani Anna-Maria, Bais Alkis, Kjeldstad Berit, Brogniez Colette, Lenoble Jacqueline, Gardiner Brian, Kirsch Peter, Koskela Tapani, Kaurola Jussi, Uhlmann Beate, Slaper Harry, den Outer Peter, Janouch Michal, Werle Peter, Gröbner Julian, Mayer Bernhard, de la Casiniere Alain, Simic Stana, Carvalho Fernanda
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Photochem Photobiol. 2008 Jan-Feb;84(1):172-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00216.x.
The diurnal and annual variability of solar UV radiation in Europe is described for different latitudes, seasons and different biologic weighting functions. For the description of this variability under cloudless skies the widely used one-dimensional version of the radiative transfer model UVSPEC is used. We reconfirm that the major factor influencing the diurnal and annual variability of UV irradiance is solar elevation. While ozone is a strong absorber of UV radiation its effect is relatively constant when compared with the temporal variability of clouds. We show the significant role that clouds play in modifying the UV climate by analyzing erythemal irradiance measurements from 28 stations in Europe in summer. On average, the daily erythemal dose under cloudless skies varies between 2.2 kJ m(-2) at 70 degrees N and 5.2 kJ m(-2) at 35 degrees N, whereas these values are reduced to 1.5-4.5 kJ m(-2) if clouds are included. Thus clouds significantly reduce the monthly UV irradiation, with the smallest reductions, on average, at lower latitudes, which corresponds to the fact that it is often cloudless in the Mediterranean area in summer.
本文描述了欧洲不同纬度、季节以及不同生物加权函数下太阳紫外线辐射的日变化和年变化。为描述无云天空下的这种变化，我们使用了广泛应用的一维辐射传输模型UVSPEC。我们再次确认，影响紫外线辐照度日变化和年变化的主要因素是太阳高度。虽然臭氧是紫外线辐射的强吸收体，但与云的时间变化相比，其影响相对恒定。通过分析欧洲夏季28个站点的红斑辐照度测量数据，我们展示了云在改变紫外线气候方面所起的重要作用。平均而言，无云天空下的每日红斑剂量在北纬70度处为2.2 kJ m(-2)，在北纬35度处为5.2 kJ m(-2)，而如果考虑云的影响，这些值会降至1.5 - 4.5 kJ m(-2)。因此，云显著降低了月度紫外线照射量，平均而言，在低纬度地区减少幅度最小，这与夏季地中海地区通常无云的事实相符。
