Fuchs Amanda J, Gilbert Christopher C, Kamilar Jason M
Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065.
Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2018 Aug;166(4):812-823. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23470. Epub 2018 Apr 1.
Ecological niche modeling (ENM) has been used to assess how abiotic variables influence species distributions and diversity. Baboons are broadly distributed throughout Africa, yet the degree of climatic specialization is largely unexplored for individual taxa. Also, the influence of climate on baboon phylogenetic divergence is unknown. In this study, we constructed ENMs to investigate how niches vary across Papio species to understand how climatic variables have influenced their biogeography and mode of speciation.
We used Maxent to generate ENMs by collating locality data for six Papio species and climate information from WorldClim. In addition, we examined the degree of niche overlap among all possible pairs of taxa, which can provide insight into patterns of species diversity. Lastly, we conducted a Mantel test to assess the relationship between niche overlap and estimated time since divergence.
Our models performed moderately to extremely well, with a mean area under the curve value of 0.868. The species with the best models include P. papio and P. kindae, whereas P. hamadryas had the poorest models. We found that most species pairs exhibited significantly different niches. Lastly, we found no significant correlation between niche overlap and divergence times.
Niche models had good predictive power, which indicates Papio species distributions are correlated with climatic variables to varying degrees. Significantly little niche overlap and incomplete geographic boundaries suggests these models generally support a parapatric speciation scenario for the genus Papio.
生态位建模（ENM）已被用于评估非生物变量如何影响物种分布和多样性。狒狒广泛分布于非洲各地，但对于单个分类单元的气候特化程度在很大程度上尚未得到探索。此外，气候对狒狒系统发育分歧的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们构建了生态位模型，以研究不同狒狒物种的生态位如何变化，从而了解气候变量如何影响它们的生物地理学和物种形成模式。
我们通过整理六种狒狒物种的产地数据以及来自WorldClim的气候信息，使用Maxent生成生态位模型。此外，我们检查了所有可能的分类单元对之间的生态位重叠程度，这可以为物种多样性模式提供见解。最后，我们进行了Mantel检验，以评估生态位重叠与估计的分歧时间之间的关系。
我们的模型表现从中等到极其出色，曲线下面积的平均值为0.868。模型表现最佳的物种包括豚尾狒狒和金氏狒狒，而阿拉伯狒狒的模型表现最差。我们发现大多数物种对表现出显著不同的生态位。最后，我们发现生态位重叠与分歧时间之间没有显著相关性。
生态位模型具有良好的预测能力，这表明狒狒物种分布在不同程度上与气候变量相关。显著较少的生态位重叠和不完整的地理边界表明，这些模型总体上支持狒狒属的邻域物种形成场景。
