Weyher Anna H, Katinta Marley, Mubemba Benjamin, Petersdorf Megan, Kamilar Jason M, Schneider-Crease India A, Chiou Kenneth L
Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Kasanka Baboon Project, Serenje, Zambia.
Am J Biol Anthropol. 2025 Jan;186(1):e25056. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.25056.
Certain group-living mammals-including many primates-exhibit affiliative relationships between sexes that persist past copulation. Relationships between females and males in baboons (Papio sp.) are particularly well-characterized. These relationships tend to revolve around the female reproductive cycle and are generally female-initiated and female-maintained. Kinda baboons (P. kindae) appear to diverge phylogenetically and behaviorally from other baboons. Here, we assess how Kinda baboons differ socially by characterizing female-male relationships using 9 years of data on a population in Kasanka National Park, Zambia.
We used generalized linear mixed models to assess grooming rates and directionality for individuals and among female/male dyads, patterns of between-sex proximity, and rates of agonistic behavior. We examined these patterns across female reproductive states and evaluated the degree to which dyadic affiliations persisted over time.
We find that female-male relationships in Kinda baboons are characterized by a high degree of male investment with low aggression that persists across female reproductive states and years. We find that females have strong affiliations with a single male while males have strong affiliations with multiple females at a time. Males are largely responsible for initiation, grooming, and proximity in affiliative relationships with females, and dyads often persist across years.
Our results suggest that Kinda baboons represent a mosaic of baboon social features and, paired with recent genomic evidence about their population history, may resemble the ancestral baboon phenotype. This expands our understanding of the "baboon model" for comparative socioecology and emphasizes the high variability and evolvability of social phenotypes.
某些群居哺乳动物——包括许多灵长类动物——在交配后仍表现出两性之间的亲和关系。狒狒（Papio sp.）中雌雄之间的关系尤其具有代表性。这些关系往往围绕着雌性生殖周期展开，通常由雌性发起并维持。金氏狒狒（P. kindae）在系统发育和行为上似乎与其他狒狒不同。在此，我们利用赞比亚卡萨卡国家公园一个种群的9年数据，通过描述雌雄关系来评估金氏狒狒在社交方面的差异。
我们使用广义线性混合模型来评估个体以及雌雄二元组之间的梳理毛发率和方向性、两性之间的接近模式以及攻击行为率。我们在雌性的不同生殖状态下研究了这些模式，并评估了二元关系随时间持续的程度。
我们发现，金氏狒狒的雌雄关系具有高度的雄性投入且攻击性较低，这种关系在雌性的不同生殖状态和多年间都持续存在。我们发现雌性与单一雄性有很强的关联，而雄性同时与多个雌性有很强的关联。在与雌性的亲和关系中，雄性在很大程度上负责发起、梳理毛发以及保持接近，而且二元组关系常常会持续数年。
我们的结果表明，金氏狒狒呈现出狒狒社会特征的一种组合，并且与近期关于其种群历史的基因组证据相结合，可能类似于狒狒的祖先表型。这扩展了我们对用于比较社会生态学的“狒狒模型”的理解，并强调了社会表型的高度变异性和可进化性。
