Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Guildhall Walk, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, United Kingdom; Department Sport and Exercise Science, Institute for Sport, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6PE, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, 10 Northumberland Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
Department of Sport, Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane 12, Horsforth LS18 5HD, United Kingdom.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Oct;93:93-107. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.024. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
We propose a model of exercise-induced central fatigue based on interoception and motivation. Predictions of the expected sensory feedback are fed forward by the dorsolateral (DL) prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the anterior insula cortex (AIC). During exercise, the AIC receives feedback from lamina Ⅰ lateral spinothalamic and nucleus tractus solitarii medullothalamic pathways. The feedback is compared to the predictions in order to generate a current awareness state, which is forwarded to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventromedial (VM)PFC and lateral (L)PFC. The LPFC integrates the information and makes a decision as to whether to continue or stop. The decision is dependent upon interaction with the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area dopamine (DA), and locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) systems. Phasic activation of DA and NE neurons appears to be necessary for maintenance of goal-related action but the VMPFC and ACC, which project to the LC, induce tonic NE activity when the rewards are thought to be not worth the cost thus fatigue is perceived.
我们提出了一个基于内感受和动机的运动性中枢疲劳模型。预期感觉反馈的预测信息由背外侧（DL）前额叶皮层（PFC）向前传至前岛叶皮层（AIC）。在运动过程中，AIC 接收来自 I 层外侧的脊髓丘脑束和孤束核延髓束的反馈。将反馈与预测进行比较，以产生当前的意识状态，并将其转发至前扣带皮层（ACC）、腹内侧（VM）PFC 和外侧（L）PFC。LPFC 对信息进行整合，并决定是继续还是停止。该决定取决于与黑质致密部和腹侧被盖区多巴胺（DA）以及蓝斑核（LC）去甲肾上腺素（NE）系统的相互作用。DA 和 NE 神经元的阶段性激活似乎对于维持与目标相关的动作是必要的，但 VMPFC 和 ACC 投射到 LC 时，当认为奖励不值得付出代价时，会诱导持续的 NE 活动，从而产生疲劳感。
