Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Jun;77:280-285. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.057. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
Clove oil is used as an anaesthetic for many species of fish worldwide; however, relatively few studies have assessed its effects on the innate immune response on these species. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of clove oil-eugenol derived anaesthetic on some humoral and cellular immune response in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). To compare with an unexposed control group, fish were exposed to 55 ppm clove oil for 5 min, before being sampled at 1, 24 and 48 h post-exposure. Serum glucose level was also measured to obtain information on the fish physiological response after clove oil anaesthesia. One hour after exposure the haemolytic complement activity of fish was lower than in the unexposed group. By contrast, the leucocyte peroxidase activity in head-kidney was significantly stimulated 24 h after exposure to clove oil-eugenol. The rest of innate immune parameters evaluated and the glucose levels not were affected by clove oil exposure at any sampling point. Overall, the use of clove oil at 55 ppm as anaesthetic did not seem to alter the innate immune response and neither did it trigger a stress response. The use of clove oil-eugenol derived had become common practice in aquaculture, and its use with gilthead seabream can be considered safe as it does not cause immunodepression in anesthetized fish.
丁香油被用作世界范围内多种鱼类的麻醉剂；然而，评估其对这些物种固有免疫反应影响的研究相对较少。本研究旨在研究丁香酚衍生的丁香油麻醉剂对真鲷（Sparus aurata L.）一些体液和细胞免疫反应的影响。为了与未暴露的对照组进行比较，将鱼暴露于 55 ppm 的丁香油中 5 分钟，然后在暴露后 1、24 和 48 小时取样。还测量了血清葡萄糖水平，以获取有关丁香油麻醉后鱼类生理反应的信息。暴露后 1 小时，鱼的溶血补体活性低于未暴露组。相比之下，暴露于丁香油-丁香酚 24 小时后，头肾中的白细胞过氧化物酶活性显著受到刺激。在任何采样点，评估的其余固有免疫参数和葡萄糖水平均不受丁香油暴露的影响。总体而言，55 ppm 的丁香油作为麻醉剂使用似乎不会改变固有免疫反应，也不会引发应激反应。丁香酚衍生的丁香油的使用已在水产养殖中普遍采用，并且可以认为其在麻醉鱼中不会引起免疫抑制，因此可以安全使用。
