Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Addiction. 2012 Feb;107(2):339-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03665.x.
This paper examines the effects of experiencing violent victimization in young adulthood on pathways of substance use from adolescence to mid-adulthood.
Data come from four assessments of an African American community cohort followed longitudinally from age 6 to 42 years.
The cohort lived in the urban, disadvantaged Woodlawn neighborhood of Chicago in 1966.
All first graders from the public and parochial schools were asked to participate (n = 1242).
Dependent variables-alcohol, marijuana and cocaine use-came from self-reports at age 42. Young adult violent victimization was reported at age 32, as were acts of violence, substance use, social integration and socio-economic resources. First grade risk factors came from mothers' and teachers' reports; adolescent substance use was self-reported.
Structural equation models indicate a pathway from adolescent substance use to young adult violent victimization for females and those who did not grow up in extreme poverty (betas ranging from 0.15 to 0.20, P < 0.05). In turn, experiencing violent victimization in young adulthood increased alcohol, marijuana and cocaine use, yet results varied by gender and early poverty status (betas ranging from 0.12 to 0.15, P < 0.05).
Violent victimization appears to play an important role in perpetuating substance use among the African American population. However, within-group variations are evident, identifying those who are not raised in extreme poverty as the most negatively affected by violence.
本文探讨了成年早期遭受暴力侵害对青少年至中年期物质使用途径的影响。
数据来自一个非裔美国人社区队列的四次评估，该队列从 6 岁到 42 岁进行了纵向跟踪。
该队列于 1966 年居住在芝加哥贫困的伍德劳恩市区。
所有来自公立和教会学校的一年级学生都被邀请参加（n=1242）。
依赖变量——酒精、大麻和可卡因的使用——来自 42 岁时的自我报告。成年早期的暴力受害情况在 32 岁时报告，暴力行为、物质使用、社会融合和社会经济资源也是如此。一年级的风险因素来自母亲和教师的报告；青少年物质使用情况由自我报告。
结构方程模型表明，对于女性和那些没有生活在极端贫困中的人来说，青少年时期的物质使用会导致成年早期的暴力受害（β值在 0.15 到 0.20 之间，P<0.05）。反过来，成年早期的暴力受害会增加酒精、大麻和可卡因的使用，但结果因性别和早期贫困状况而异（β值在 0.12 到 0.15 之间，P<0.05）。
暴力受害似乎在非裔美国人中持续使用物质方面起着重要作用。然而，群体内存在差异，表明那些没有生活在极端贫困中的人受暴力影响最大。
