肠肝炎病毒的进化起源。
Evolutionary Origins of Enteric Hepatitis Viruses.
机构信息
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin 10117, Germany.
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.
出版信息
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Dec 3;8(12):a031690. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031690.
The enterically transmitted hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E viruses (HEV) are the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in humans. Despite the discovery of HAV and HEV 40-50 years ago, their evolutionary origins remain unclear. Recent discoveries of numerous nonprimate hepatoviruses and hepeviruses allow revisiting the evolutionary history of these viruses. In this review, we provide detailed phylogenomic analyses of primate and nonprimate hepatoviruses and hepeviruses. We identify conserved and divergent genomic properties and corroborate historical interspecies transmissions by phylogenetic comparisons and recombination analyses. We discuss the likely non-recent origins of human HAV and HEV precursors carried by mammals other than primates, and detail current zoonotic HEV infections. The novel nonprimate hepatoviruses and hepeviruses offer exciting new possibilities for future research focusing on host range and the unique biological properties of HAV and HEV.
肠传播的甲型肝炎 (HAV) 和戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV) 是人类急性病毒性肝炎的主要原因。尽管 HAV 和 HEV 在 40-50 年前被发现，但它们的进化起源仍不清楚。最近发现了许多非灵长类动物肝病毒和 hepeviruses，这使得我们能够重新审视这些病毒的进化历史。在这篇综述中，我们提供了灵长类和非灵长类肝病毒和 hepeviruses 的详细系统基因组分析。我们确定了保守和分歧的基因组特性，并通过系统发育比较和重组分析证实了历史上的种间传播。我们讨论了可能由非灵长类哺乳动物携带的人类 HAV 和 HEV 前体的非近期起源，并详细介绍了当前的人畜共患 HEV 感染。新型非灵长类肝病毒和 hepeviruses 为未来的研究提供了令人兴奋的新可能性，重点关注宿主范围和 HAV 和 HEV 的独特生物学特性。
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