Soler Joaquim, Elices Matilde, Dominguez-Clavé Elisabeth, Pascual Juan C, Feilding Amanda, Navarro-Gil Mayte, García-Campayo Javier, Riba Jordi
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
Front Pharmacol. 2018 Mar 20;9:224. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00224. eCollection 2018.
The therapeutic effects of the Amazonian plant tea ayahuasca may relate to its ability to enhance mindfulness capacities. Ayahuasca induces a modified state of awareness through the combined action of its active principles: the psychedelic dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and a series of centrally acting β-carbolines, mainly harmine and tetrahydroharmine. To better understand the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca, here we compared the impact on mindfulness capacities induced by two independent interventions: (a) participation in four ayahuasca sessions without any specific purpose related to improving mindfulness capacities; and (b) participation in a standard mindfulness training course: 8 weeks mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), with the specific goal of improving these skills. Participants of two independent groups completed two self-report instruments: The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ). The MINDSENS Composite Index was also calculated, including those EQ and FFMQ items that have proven to be the most sensitive to meditation practice. Group A ( = 10) was assessed before and after the last of four closely spaced consecutive ayahuasca sessions. Group B ( = 10) was assessed before and after completion of a standard 8-week MBSR course. MBSR training led to greater increases in overall mindfulness scores after the 8-week period. MBSR but not ayahuasca led to increases in the MINDSENS Composite Index. However, the ayahuasca sessions induced comparable increases in the Non-Judging subscale of the FFMQ, specifically measuring "acceptance." Improving this capacity allows for a more detached and less judgmental stance toward potentially distressing thoughts and emotions. The present findings suggest that a small number of ayahuasca sessions can be as effective at improving acceptance as more lengthy and costly interventions. Future studies should address the benefits of combining ayahuasca administration with mindfulness-based interventions. This will allow us to investigate if ayahuasca will improve the outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions.
亚马逊植物茶死藤水的治疗效果可能与其增强正念能力的作用有关。死藤水通过其活性成分的联合作用诱导一种改变的意识状态：致幻剂二甲基色胺（DMT）和一系列中枢作用的β-咔啉，主要是 harmine 和四氢 harmine。为了更好地理解死藤水的治疗潜力，我们在此比较了两种独立干预措施对正念能力的影响：（a）参加四次死藤水仪式，且与提高正念能力无任何特定目的相关；（b）参加标准的正念训练课程：为期8周的基于正念的减压疗法（MBSR），其特定目标是提高这些技能。两个独立组的参与者完成了两份自我报告工具：五因素正念问卷（FFMQ）和体验问卷（EQ）。还计算了 MINDSENS 综合指数，包括那些已被证明对冥想练习最敏感的 EQ 和 FFMQ 项目。A组（n = 10）在连续四次紧密间隔的死藤水仪式中的最后一次前后进行评估。B组（n = 10）在完成标准的8周MBSR课程前后进行评估。8周后，MBSR训练导致整体正念得分有更大提高。MBSR而非死藤水仪式导致MINDSENS综合指数增加。然而，死藤水仪式在FFMQ的“不评判”子量表上诱导了类似的增加，该子量表专门测量“接纳”。提高这种能力有助于对潜在的痛苦想法和情绪采取更超脱、更少评判的立场。目前的研究结果表明，少量的死藤水仪式在提高接纳能力方面可能与更冗长且昂贵的干预措施一样有效。未来的研究应探讨将死藤水施用与基于正念的干预措施相结合的益处。这将使我们能够研究死藤水是否会改善心理治疗干预的效果。
