Siidra Oleg, Nekrasova Diana, Depmeier Wulf, Chukanov Nikita, Zaitsev Anatoly, Turner Rick
Department of Crystallography, Saint-Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.
Institut für Geowissenschaften der Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, D-24098, Germany.
Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater. 2018 Apr 1;74(Pt 2):182-195. doi: 10.1107/S2052520618000768. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
White lead or basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO·Pb(OH), the synthetic analogue of hydrocerussite Pb(OH)(CO), has been known since antiquity as the most frequently used white paint. A number of different minerals and synthetic materials compositionally and structurally related to hydrocerussite have been described within the last two decades. Herein, a review is given of general structural principles, chemical variations and IR spectra of the rapidly growing family of hydrocerussite-related minerals and synthetic materials. Only structures containing a hydroxo- and/or oxo-component, i.e. which are compositionally directly related with hydrocerussite and `white lead', are reviewed in detail. An essential structural feature of all the considered phases is the presence of electroneutral [PbCO] cerussite-type layers or sheets. Various interleaved sheets can be incorporated between the cerussite-type sheets. Different sheets are stacked into two-dimensional blocks separated by the stereochemically active 6s lone electron pairs on Pb cations. Minerals and synthetic materials described herein, together with a number of still hypothetical members, constitute a family of modular structures. Hydrocerussite, abellaite and grootfonteinite can be considered to constitute a merotype family of structures. The remaining hydrocerussite-related structures discussed are built on similar principles, but are more complex. Structural architectures of somersetite and slag phase from Lavrion, Attica, Greece, are unique for oxysalt mineral structures in general. Thus, the whole family of hydrocerussite-related phases can be denoted as a plesiotype family of modular structures. The crystal structures of hydrocerussite from Merehead quarry, Somerset, England, and of its synthetic analogue, both determined from single crystals, are reported here for the first time. The results of the infrared (IR) spectroscopy show that this method is useful for distinguishing several different minerals related to hydrocerussite and their synthetic analogues.
白铅或碱式碳酸铅，即2PbCO·Pb(OH)，是羟铅矿Pb(OH)(CO)的合成类似物，自古以来就作为最常用的白色颜料为人所知。在过去二十年中，已经描述了许多在成分和结构上与羟铅矿相关的不同矿物和合成材料。本文对羟铅矿相关矿物和合成材料这一快速发展的家族的一般结构原理、化学变化和红外光谱进行了综述。仅详细综述了含有羟基和/或氧代成分的结构，即那些在成分上与羟铅矿和“白铅”直接相关的结构。所有考虑的相的一个基本结构特征是存在电中性的[PbCO]白铅矿型层或片。各种交错的片可以并入白铅矿型片之间。不同的片堆叠成二维块，由Pb阳离子上立体化学活性的6s孤电子对分隔。本文描述的矿物和合成材料，以及一些仍为假设的成员，构成了一个模块化结构家族。羟铅矿、阿贝拉矿和格罗特方丹矿可被视为一个结构亚型家族。所讨论的其余与羟铅矿相关的结构基于类似的原理，但更为复杂。希腊阿提卡州拉夫里奥的羟砷铅石和矿渣相的结构架构，总体上对于含氧盐矿物结构来说是独特的。因此，整个与羟铅矿相关的相家族可被称为模块化结构的近型家族。本文首次报道了从英格兰萨默塞特郡梅雷黑德采石场采集的羟铅矿及其合成类似物的单晶晶体结构。红外光谱（IR）分析结果表明，该方法有助于区分几种与羟铅矿相关的不同矿物及其合成类似物。
