Santos Taíse Gama Dos, Silveira Jonas Augusto Cardoso da, Longo-Silva Giovana, Ramires Elyssia Karine Nunes Mendonça, Menezes Risia Cristina Egito de
Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2018 Mar 29;34(4):e00066917. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00066917.
The aim of this study was to analyze trends and factors associated with food insecurity in Brazil in 2004, 2009, and 2013, using microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Food insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Independent variables were selected from a conceptual model of determination of food insecurity, which was also used in the elaboration of multiple generalized linear models. The results show a downward trend in food insecurity prevalence from 2004 to 2013, especially for moderate and severe food insecurity, from 17% in 2004 (95%CI: 15.7-18.4) to 7.9% in 2013 (95%CI: 7.2-8.7). Despite important decreases in the prevalence of moderate and severe food insecurity, regardless of the level of determination, the population strata with the lowest prevalence in 2004 showed the largest relative reduction. As for factors associated with moderate and severe food insecurity, they remained the same in the ten years covered by the PNAD survey, namely: the North and Northeast regions, urban areas with inadequate sanitation, household density > 2 persons per bedroom, ≤ 4 household durable consumer goods, and households headed by females, individuals < 60 years, and non-whites, ≤ 4 years of schooling, and being unemployed. From 2004 to 2013, the prevalence of Brazilian households with moderate and severe food insecurity dropped by half, but from the perspective of equity the advances occurred unequally and were lower in strata with greater social, economic, and demographic vulnerability.
本研究旨在利用全国住户抽样调查（PNAD）的微观数据，分析2004年、2009年和2013年巴西粮食不安全状况的趋势及相关因素。粮食不安全状况采用巴西粮食不安全量表进行评估。自变量从粮食不安全状况决定因素的概念模型中选取，该模型也用于构建多重广义线性模型。结果显示，2004年至2013年期间，粮食不安全状况的患病率呈下降趋势，尤其是中度和重度粮食不安全状况，从2004年的17%（95%置信区间：15.7 - 18.4）降至2013年的7.9%（95%置信区间：7.2 - 8.7）。尽管中度和重度粮食不安全状况的患病率显著下降，但无论决定水平如何，2004年患病率最低的人群阶层相对降幅最大。至于与中度和重度粮食不安全状况相关的因素，在PNAD调查涵盖的十年中保持不变，即：北部和东北部地区、卫生设施不足的城市地区、每间卧室居住人数>2人的家庭、耐用消费品≤4件的家庭，以及由女性当家的家庭、年龄<60岁的个人、非白人、受教育年限≤4年以及失业者。2004年至2013年期间，巴西中度和重度粮食不安全家庭的患病率下降了一半，但从公平的角度来看，进展并不均衡，在社会、经济和人口脆弱性较高的阶层中进展较小。
