Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2024 Jun 14;40(5):e00168823. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XEN168823. eCollection 2024.
Although food insecurity presents a decreasing trend worldwide, some regions recently observed an increase in hunger levels. Such was the case in Brazil between 2014 and 2018, during and after the great Brazilian recession, and between 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes the evolution of food insecurity in Brazil between 2004 and 2022 using Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF) and Continuous PNAD. Households were classified in 20 types of arrangements, and the most vulnerable living arrangements between 2004 and 2018 were identified by multinomial logistic models. Overall, households headed by women (single blacks, whites or in couples) with or without children were the most prone to food insecurity. As for the evolution of food insecurity in Brazil between 2018 and 2022, logistic models were applied to estimate moderate and severe food insecurity levels among the 20 household types. Additionally, effects of the emergency aid and idiosyncrasies of the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated.
尽管全球范围内的粮食不安全状况呈下降趋势，但最近一些地区的饥饿水平有所上升。巴西在 2014 年至 2018 年期间和大衰退期间以及 2020 年至 2021 年期间的 COVID-19 大流行期间就是这种情况。本文使用巴西全国住户抽样调查（PNAD）、巴西家庭预算调查（POF）和连续 PNAD 描述了 2004 年至 2022 年期间巴西粮食不安全状况的演变。家庭被分为 20 种安排，通过多项逻辑模型确定了 2004 年至 2018 年期间最脆弱的生活安排。总体而言，由单身黑人、白人或夫妻女性（单身黑人、白人或夫妻）领导的家庭，无论是否有子女，都最容易出现粮食不安全问题。至于 2018 年至 2022 年期间巴西粮食不安全状况的演变，应用逻辑模型估计了 20 种家庭类型中中度和重度粮食不安全的水平。此外，还估计了紧急援助的影响和 COVID-19 大流行的特殊性。
