Everett Kirsty V, Linscott Richard J
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Porirua CMHT, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand;
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Schizophr Bull. 2015 Mar;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S465-74. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu221.
Heterogeneity in the expression of schizotypy may arise from underlying dimensional processes or a taxonic population structure. In a 2-phase study, we tested the taxonicity of self-reported schizotypy within a general psychiatric sample (n = 109) and examined taxon validity by testing its association with clinical schizotaxia in follow-up subsamples. Taxometric analyses indicated a taxonic structure (schizotypy prevalence = 38.8%) provided the best description of the underlying population distribution. After a year, schizotypal (n = 14) and nonschizotypal (n = 14) subsamples returned for diagnosis of clinical schizotaxia by assessment of executive functioning, attention, memory, and negative symptoms. Seven patients met diagnostic criteria, all members of the schizotypy class. Schizotypy was associated with impaired attention and memory, more negative symptoms, poorer global functioning, and more extensive psychiatric histories. We reconcile inconsistencies in the literature by discussing threats to the validity of this and similar research on Meehl's taxonomic model of schizotypy, including conceptual limitations of the lexical hypothesis and conventions of factor analysis. Scrutiny of Meehl's model should involve disambiguation and better measurement of the schizotaxia-schizotypy phenotype.
精神分裂症型人格特质表达的异质性可能源于潜在的维度过程或分类群体结构。在一项两阶段研究中，我们在一个普通精神科样本（n = 109）中测试了自我报告的精神分裂症型人格特质的分类性，并通过在后续子样本中测试其与临床精神分裂症相关症状的关联来检验分类单元的有效性。分类测量分析表明，一种分类结构（精神分裂症型人格特质患病率 = 38.8%）能最好地描述潜在的总体分布。一年后，精神分裂症型人格特质组（n = 14）和非精神分裂症型人格特质组（n = 14）的子样本返回，通过评估执行功能、注意力、记忆力和阴性症状来诊断临床精神分裂症相关症状。7名患者符合诊断标准，均为精神分裂症型人格特质组的成员。精神分裂症型人格特质与注意力和记忆力受损、更多的阴性症状、更差的整体功能以及更广泛的精神病史有关。我们通过讨论对该研究以及关于精神分裂症型人格特质的Meehl分类模型的类似研究有效性的威胁，来调和文献中的不一致之处，包括词汇假设的概念局限性和因子分析的惯例。对Meehl模型的审查应涉及消除歧义以及对精神分裂症相关症状 - 精神分裂症型人格特质表型进行更好的测量。
