Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Mikrochim Acta. 2018 Apr 4;185(4):247. doi: 10.1007/s00604-018-2735-4.
This review (with 154 refs.) describes the current status of using molecularly imprinted polymers in the extraction and quantitation of illicit drugs and additives. The review starts with an introduction into some synthesis methods (lump MIPs, spherical MIPs, surface imprinting) of MIPs using illicit drugs and additives as templates. The next section covers applications, with subsections on the detection of illegal additives in food, of doping in sports, and of illicit addictive drugs. A particular focus is directed towards current limitations and challenges, on the optimization of methods for preparation of MIPs, their applicability to aqueous samples, the leakage of template molecules, and the identification of the best balance between adsorption capacity and selectivity factor. At last, the need for convincing characterization methods, the lack of uniform parameters for defining selectivity, and the merits and demerits of MIPs prepared using nanomaterials are addressed. Strategies are suggested to solve existing problems, and future developments are discussed with respect to a more widespread use in relevant fields. Graphical abstract This review gives a comprehensive overview of the advances made in molecularly imprinting of polymers for use in the extraction and quantitation of illicit drugs and additives. Methods for syntheses, highlighted applications, limitations and current challenges are specifically addressed.
本文（参考文献 154 篇）综述了近年来利用分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）萃取和定量检测非法药物和添加物的研究进展。本文首先介绍了以非法药物和添加物为模板合成 MIPs 的一些方法（整体型 MIPs、球形 MIPs、表面印迹）。接下来的章节讨论了 MIPs 的应用，包括食品中非法添加物的检测、运动中的兴奋剂检测以及非法成瘾药物的检测。本文特别关注当前方法制备 MIPs 的优化、在水相样品中的适用性、模板分子泄漏以及在吸附容量和选择性因子之间取得最佳平衡的问题，还讨论了需要令人信服的特征描述方法、缺乏用于定义选择性的统一参数以及使用纳米材料制备 MIPs 的优缺点等问题。本文提出了一些策略来解决当前存在的问题，并探讨了未来在相关领域更广泛应用的发展方向。
